[BIOL 201] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (26 pages long)
Document Summary
Element: cannot be broken down into other kinds of substances by ordinary chemical means can by nuclear reactions. Atom: smallest unit of element, retains all element"s properties made up of protons (+), neutrons, electrons (-) Covalent bond: 2 atoms share one pair of valence electrons. *temperature is just a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules* Diffusion: net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis: diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. Nucleic acids: dna, rna -genetic code, expression of genes polymers of nucleotides. Some parts may be polar and others non-polar. Made up of 20 kinds of amino acids. Quaternary structure: two or more chains aggregated to form a functional unit; few proteins have that structure ex: collagen, hemoglobin. Life: an emergent property of a particular arrangement of certain molecules response to environment. Prokaryotic cells: no true nucleus, between 1-10 micrometers ex.