BIOL 371 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cytochrome, Electron Transport Chain, Nadh Dehydrogenase
Document Summary
Trace metals typically function as cofactors of certain enzymes. Growth factors differ from trace metals in that they are organic micronutrients, majority of them are vitamins. Compare and contrast simple transporters, the phosphotransferase system, and abc transporters in terms of (1) e source, (2) chemical alterations of the solute during transport and (3) number of proteins required. Simple transporters: e source: pmf, chemical alterations: na, number of proteins: only a transmembrane protein. Phosphotransferase system: e source: high e compounds (phosphoenolpryruvate, chemical alterations: transported substrate is chemically modified, number of proteins: 5. Abc transporter: e source: atp, chemical alterations: na, number of proteins: at least 3 periplasmic binding protein, membrane spanning protein, atp-hydrolysing protein. Chemolithotroph e sour(cid:272)e = i(cid:374)orga(cid:374)i(cid:272) (cid:272)o(cid:373)pou(cid:374)ds (cid:894)e. g. h(cid:1006), h(cid:1006)s, nh4 (cid:895) Chemotrophs obtain e from the oxidation of e donors in the environment (organic or inorganic). Free energy (g) is the energy released during a chemical reaction that is available to do work, measured in kilajoules (kj)
