CHEM 205- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 60 pages long!)

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High-school physical science: units; states & classification of matter. High-school algebra: solving for variables; 2-equations, 2-unknowns; making graphs. 1. 1 scientific method (review: qualitative/quantitative, tentative explanation, systematic, controlled observations/measurements, verbal/mathematical description of what happens, model proposed to explain why the behaviours occurs. Quantitative observations = measuring things (review: properties with numerical values do not necessarily reflect the sample"s size. Intrinsic properties (intensive): characteristics of the substance itself, not the quantity: density, melting point, boiling point, viscosity, extrinsic properties (extensive): properties that depend on the quantity of substance present, mass, volume, length, width, height. Scientific temperature scales (review: celsius & kelvin units are the same size, but offset, absolute zero: 0k= -273. 15 c, liquid n2 boils at: 77k = -196. 15 c, room temperature: 298. 15k= 25c. Important: estimated digit is uncertain, but is significant. L (4. 200x10^3) has 4 sf: ex: 4200 l (4. 2x10^3) has 2 sf.