PHIL 210 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Modus Ponens, Internal Fixation, Modus Tollens
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12 Oct 2017
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Lecture 1 Quiz Notes
Provide an example of:
An argument in the form of Modus Tollens, with a false conclusion.
● If P then Q
● Not Q
● Therefore, not P
○ If Abigail wants to apply for the Canadian forces, she must have volunteered in
the past
○ Abigail has not volunteered in the past
○ Therefore, she does not want to apply for the Canadian Forces
An instance of denying the antecedent with a true conclusion
● 1. If P then Q
● 2. Not P
● Therefore, not Q
○ If I want the new Iphone X, I must take extra hours at work
○ I do not want the new iphone X
○ Therefore, I did not take extra hours at work
A valid argument with a true conclusion that is not sound
● If P then Q → if I have wings, then I can fly to the moon
● P → I have wings
● Therefore Q → therefore, I can fly to the moon
Simplification
• P and Q
• Therefore, P
o Amanda and Alex both want to quit their jobs and become circus performers
o Therefore, Amanda wants to become a circus performer
Conjunction
• P
• Q
• Therefore, P and Q
o Lilly enjoys taking cold showers in the morning
o Tom enjoys taking cold showers in the morning
o Therefore, Lilly and Tom both enjoy taking cold showers in the morning
Addition
• P
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