PSYC 305 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Psychology, Behaviorism, Memory
PSYC 305
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 1
Wednesday, January 10, 2018
11:59 PM
History and Systems Week 1 - Jan 10
Introduction
Psychology is a mix of two topics
• Psyche ( Philosophy)
• early thinkers
• greece
• ancient rome
• Physiology
• adding to science
• understanding the way the body works
Why study this?
• basis for studies conducted today
• diversity within the field
• evolution of the field
• understanding the origins
The past
• Historiography
• the principles. methods and philosophical issues of historical research
• Historians
• Data cannot be reconstructed or replicated
• events may not have been recorded accurately
• analyzing it from different points of view
• another point
Problems
• Lost information
• ex: John Watson : burnt his work when fired
• Misplaced data
• ex: official minutes from royal society (robert hooke)
• early microscopy work
• bateria and sperm
• correspondence with Newton
• Darwin
• new information found 100 years after death\
• Altered and Hidden History
• only info that enhances the researcher is published
• Freud and his cocaine use was minimize
• Distortion in translation
• language barriers ex id, ego and super ego actually is i, it and above i
Which is more important?
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
a. the person who developed it
b. the times of the idea
The personalistic theory
• progress and change are a result of an individual contribution
Great Man theory
• the history of the world is but the biography of the great men
Naturalistic Theory
• progress and change in inevitable
• result of general zeitgeist
Zeitgeist
• Intellectual and cultural climate or spirit of times
CHAPTER 1
History of Psychology
• Making sense of the world around us
• people seek comfort in understanding
• before science people did not have the understanding that we do today
Ex: extreme weather
People would usually explain this as
a. church dogma (scriptures)
b. Past authorities
c. Superstition (Gods)
Having an understanding allows people to feel that they have a little more control over their lives
Science
• seeking answers
• has two main components
a. empirical observations
b. theory
• Scientific theory is empiricism plus rationalism (in addition to being logical)
• science and religion can work together quite nicely
• Confirmable propositions
• propositions that can be tested by experiments -> when confirmed many times the theory
can be validated and gain strength
• Search for Laws
• law consistently observed relationship between two or more classes of empirical events —
> amenable to public observations and verification (ex law of gravity)
• must become public knowledge *****
2 classes of Law
1. correlational laws
2. causal laws
• Major goal of science is to discover the cause of natural phenomena
• Assumption of determinism
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
History and systems week 1 - jan 10. Psychology is a mix of two topics: psyche ( philosophy, early thinkers, greece, ancient rome, physiology, adding to science, understanding the way the body works. Why study this: basis for studies conducted today, diversity within the field, evolution of the field, understanding the origins. The past the principles. methods and philosophical issues of historical research: historiography, historians, data cannot be reconstructed or replicated, events may not have been recorded accurately, analyzing it from different points of view, another point. Which is more important? the person who developed it the times of the idea. The personalistic theory: progress and change are a result of an individual contribution. Great man theory the history of the world is but the biography of the great men. Naturalistic theory: progress and change in inevitable result of general zeitgeist. Intellectual and cultural climate or spirit of times.