BIOL 1011 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Xylem, Cell Wall, Vascular Tissue
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BIOL 1011
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
lecture 1
Reading: Ch. 29
Plants and colonisation of land
- Importance of plants
- Botany, the study of plants
- What is a plant?
- Ancestors of land plants
- Land plants, the embryophyta
- Life cycles
Agriculture
Invented 10 000 years ago in Mesopotamia (now Iraq)
Definition
Domestication of plants and animals
Previously, people would travel, looking for food (animals or plants)
Result: limited number of children, limits the division of labor
Consequences of agriculture
Allowed people to stand still, become sedentary
Positive consequences:
• Permanent villages, towns & cities
• Larger family, creating larger population
• Diverse economy
• Less cooperation among members of the community
Less positive consequences:
• Socioeconomic classes
• Separation of humans from rest of nature
• Large-scale war
Didn’t exist until sedimentary societies
Agriculture is based on plants
even the animals we domesticate feed on plants
Quote by Charles Darwin
Hence a traveler should be a botanist, for in all view plants form the chief embellishment
= you can tell where you are in the planet if you know about plants
: pasture and cropland around the world
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
lecture 1
Importance of plants
The plants make up most of everything in the world
Examples:
Chocolate
Scientific name: Theobroma cacao
Chocolate is taken from the seeds
Seeds come from fruits
Fruits come from the flower of the plant the flower of the plant
Each flower can potentially
Transportation
From the power of petroleum
Petroleum is plant material (phytoplankton)
That plant material was compressed and heated =turned into gas, natural gas
In this example, gasoline
All fossil fuels used to be plants
Rubber
Rubber tree: heavea brasiliensis(from brezil)
- How it’s made:
o Cut the tree
o Latex comes out
o Balkanization: made into firm rubber
Now made partially synthetically and partially from the rubber tree
Clothing
Some are made of Cotton
Plant’s scientifict name: gossypium spp.
Cotton is made of cellulose
the most abundant organic compound on earth
A polymer (chain of similar molecules)
Drugs
Are secondary compounds to the plant
Made from something that comes out of plants a manner of protection
Has nothing to do with their metabolism
Use to ward of virus, insects, bacteria, vertebrae
Insects are the most common predator of plants
- Caffeine
Plant’s scientific name: Coffea Arabica (Yemen, Ethiopia)
From coffee seeds, that are in the fruit
Each fruit has one seed
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
