BIOL 1030- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 65 pages long!)
29 Mar 2018
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Importance of studying biology : taking biology provides basic grounding in biological sciences. Importance of biology : biomedical engineering and pharmaceuticals, biofuels, agriculture, environmental impacts. Covalent bonding : sharing of electrons, bonds with another atom with unpaired electrons, 1 pair of electron = 1 bond, can form double or triple bonds. Chemical equilibrium : each element has 8 electrons around it, forward reaction = reactant form products, chemical equilibrium is a reversible reaction. It is the balance between the forward and reverse reaction: one side of the reaction may be more favorable than the other. Ionic bonding : transfer of electrons from one atom to another, loose electrons = , gain electrons = , cation = , anion = . Redox reactions : oxidation is the loss of electrons, reduction is the gain of electrons, oxidation = reducing agent, reduction = oxidizing agent. Polar/non-polar molecules : polar molecules have unbounded pair of electrons, non polar molecules have all paired electrons.
