BIOL 2020- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 55 pages long!)
29 Mar 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
How cells arouse: abiogenesis = the beginning of life. (photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria = generation of oxygen. (oxygen levels arouse in the planet). Oxygen was toxic to cynobacteria: eukaryotes, cambrian explosion. Prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea (live under extreme conditions) *the tree was made base on rrna sequences* The introduction of mitochondrion and chloroplast to the cell (when the worlds oxygen was rising). Presence of mitochondria (aerobic respiration) and/or chloroplast (photosynthetic). Ability to phagocytose and endocystose material (to eat). Diploidy (two copies or everything; chromosomes) just incase of mistakes. Cell division, mitosis, using a mitotic spindle. Some important polysaccharides: cellulose (beta bonds, very hard to digest), starch, and glycogen. Phospholipids: polar head + phosphate linkage + glycerol backbone + fatty acid chances (also amphipatic). Peptide bonds: these are form by condensation reaction (covalent bond); these do not branch structures. (there are an c-terminus and a n-terminus; where the amino-acid is added to the c-terminus)
