BIOL 2030 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Dna, Gene, Protein
12 Oct 2018
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Document Summary
Divisions: transmission genetics, population genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, quantitative genetics. Some basic concepts in genetics: gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Rna encoding genes: genotype is distinguished from phenotype. Genotype: the complete genetic makeup of an individual organism. Phenotype: a measurable trait of an organism that is controlled by one or more genes but can be influenced by environmental effects **not inheritable: all living organisms use same genetic system. All heredity information is encoded in nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are a polymer made of nucleotide monomers. Dna is very nearly the universal genetic material: information is encoded in the molecular structure of genes on chromosomes. See structure of dna: genes come in alternate states called alleles. Homologous chromosomes have same genetic information: haploid one copy of genetic material is subdivided into chromosomes, diploid two copies of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes.
