NESC 2570 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Neuron, Potassium Channel, Membrane Potential
NESC 2570
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Monday, September 14th 2015
Levels of Analysis in Neuroscience
Atoms
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Molecules (protein, DNA, etc.)
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Individual Cells
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Pairs of cells connected by synapses
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Networks of interacting cells
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Systems in the brain that regulate behavior
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Behaving Animal
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Groups of animals
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Chapter 1 - Neurons and Glia
September 12, 2015
12:33 AM
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Alzheimer's Disease
Neurodegenerative
Loss of short term memory, cognitive functions
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Loss of neurons in specific brain areas (ex. Hippocampus, important for
memory formation)
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More than 15,000 Nova Scotians are now living with Alzheimer's
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50% of people over 85 develop Alzheimer's
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Cost will increase 10 fold
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Why do cells die?
Why are some cells not affected?
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Prevention?
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Cure?
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Neurons
Functional unit of the nervous system
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Most anatomically diverse cell in the body
Yet most neurons have a number of common features
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Dendrites, Cell Body and Axons
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Document Summary
Loss of neurons in specific brain areas (ex. More than 15,000 nova scotians are now living with alzheimer"s. Yet most neurons have a number of common features. All these different neurons from different areas of the nervous system still have the three common features. Good understanding of neuronal diversity established by the early 20th century. Pioneering cell-staining method by introduced by camillo golgi and utilized by: ramon y cajal. Gogi stain: tissue washed with silver salts, a few neurons take up the silver and are stained black (a and b) Only one neuron out of every thousand or so will pick up the stain while the others won"t. Cajal thought that they were individual cell like other cells in the body but golgi didn"t agree. More recently developed fluorescent dyes c can be injected into individual neurons using specialized equipment. Dendrites and axons and synapses allow neurons to perform their principle function.