PHIL 1000X Study Guide - Final Guide: Macula Densa, Renal Corpuscle, Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
11 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BLOCK YB
MODULE Y5 - RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
UNIT 1
System Design
Unit Objectives
When you have finished this unit, you should be able to:
1. Identify the structures of the urinary system.
a. Two Kidneys (produce urine, a fluid made of water, ions, soluble
compounds);
b. Two Ureters;
c. Urinary bladder;
d. Urethra.
2. Identify the main function of the kidney as balancing the body's water and inorganic ions
in order to maintain a stable internal environment.
3. List the functions of the kidneys.
a. 1.) To remove metabolic wastes form the blood and excrete them outside the
body.
b. 2.) Helping to control the rate of red blood cell formation by secreting the
hormone erythropoietin
c. 3.) Helping to regulate blood pressure via the release of renin
d. 4.) Help to regulate the volume, composition, and pH of the body fluids
(includes mechanisms leading to the formation of urine).
4. Describe a nephron.
a. Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to
regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering
the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron
eliminates wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, controls
levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH.
b. In humans, a normal kidney contains 800,000 to one million nephrons.
5. Make a rough drawing of a nephron and label the following: afferent and efferent
arterioles, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, renal corpuscle, proximal and distal tubules,
peritubular capillaries, macula densa, granular cells, juxtaglomerular apparatus,
descending and ascending loops of Henle, and the collecting duct.
Document Summary
When you have finished this unit, you should be able to: Identify the structures of the urinary system: two kidneys (produce urine, a fluid made of water, ions, soluble compounds), two ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Identify the main function of the kidney as balancing the body"s water and inorganic ions in order to maintain a stable internal environment. 2: list the functions of the kidneys, 1. ) To remove metabolic wastes form the blood and excrete them outside the body: 2. ) Helping to control the rate of red blood cell formation by secreting the hormone erythropoietin: 3. ) Helping to regulate blood pressure via the release of renin: 4. ) Help to regulate the volume, composition, and ph of the body fluids (includes mechanisms leading to the formation of urine): describe a nephron, nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
