BIOL 261 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Peptic Ulcer, Esophageal Hiatus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Document Summary
Vomiting forceful emptying of stomach/intestinal contents: shown via nausea + retching (dry heaving/gag, initiated via: [dat] Activation of medullary centre triggers vomiting in response to drugs and is able to detect toxins in blood. Constipation difficult/infrequent defecation: caused via: [dimpd] I. e. , patient w/ liver problems feels pain in their neck or below their scapula. Gi bleeding: hematemesis: bloody vomit (bright red, or coffee-ground indicates digested, melena: tarry, foul-smelling stool (d/t digested blood, hematochezia: frank blood from rectum, occult blood: trace amounts in stool or gastric secretions. Acute severe gi bleeding can be life-threatening (massive loss changes in heart rate and bp) Blood accumulation in gi can cause vomiting/diarrhea. Deglutition: process of swallowing: soft palate and uvula block nasal passageways, epiglottis protects the airway. Dysphagia difficulty swallowing: caused via: [mons] Neural/muscular disorders: achalasia: severely impaired lower esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function (not an obstruction, impaired movement of esophagus) D/t loss of inhibitory neurons preventing relaxation leads to pain after.
