BIOL-1507EL Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Pome, Xylem, Eudicots

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BIOL-1507 - Lab 1 & 2 Quiz Review

Adaptations to Land by Plants

-Basic life cycle:

-1) gametophyte produced 2 haploid gametes

-2) gametes fuse to give diploid zygote

-3) Zygote undergoes mitosis and develops into

the diploid sporophyte

-4) Meiosis occurs, in specialized cells of the

sporophyte

-5) Haploid spores undergo mitosis and grow into

the gametophyte (then cycle starts again)

-Gametophytes are haploid phase

-Sporophyte are the diploid phase

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Kingdom Protista

1. Algae

-small in length, rounded cells that move rapidly through water

-Chlamydomonas

-adapted by developing a holdfast (attachment organ) which allows it to stay in a

ﬁxed place

-also, it produced slime to slow

down water loss

-Ulva (sea lettuce)

-has a ﬂat thallus (plant like body)

with holdfast and is often the size

of a lettuce leaf

-has separate male and female

gametophytes, that undergo the

alternations of generations (listed

above)

-the gametophyte and sporophyte

are said to be isomorphic as they

look almost the same

Kingdom Plantae

1. Non-vascular Plants

-Bryophytes (moses)

-have evolved from some group of green algae

-have no vascular tissue, unlike all other plants

-1) they have rhizoids, which are stemlike and leaﬂike structures

-2) the male gametophyte has antheridia that produce swimming sperm gametes

-the female gametophyte has archegonia that produces egg gametes, to which the

sperm swims through in rain or dew

-after fertilization, the female gametophyte retains the the egg in the archegonia

(zygote)

-then the sporophyte generation will develop from the female gametophyte, and will

have a foot, a stalk, and a sporangium/capsule, where the spores will be produced

and released when wind can carry them

-when it ﬁnds an appropriate place, the spore will germinate to from a new moss

plant

2. Vascular Plants

-1) they adapted by having a vascular system that is water conduction system

-the xylem will allow transport water

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-the phloem, that will transport nutrients from the leafs to the rest of the plants

-2) they also have a waxy cuticle layer that will cut down water loss

-3) as well as having a reduction of gametophytes, in order to keep them more

protected

i) Seedless Vascular Plants

-the strobilus or cone is the reproductive organ, where spores are produced

-Horsetails

-found in damp locations

-the fertile shoot, from which the spores arise, grows in the early spring

-the vegetative shoot, develops from an undergoing stem called the rhizome, in the

late spring

-Ferns

-common ferns have a horizontal stem (rhizome) from which hairlike roots and

leaves (fronds) will project

-the sporophyte is the dominant generation in a fern plant

-Sporangia (spore forming sac) are found in groups called sori which will hold the

spores that will be produced through meiosis and are released when the

annulus (outer covering of the sporangia) dries out

-sori -> spores -> sporangia

-fertilization occurs when moisture is present, since the sperm must swim from the

antheridia to the archegonia

-the zygote develops within the archegonia (female gametophyte), producing the

sporophyte that grows leaves and roots, developing into the familiar fern plant

ii) Seed Vascular Plants

-seed plants produce heterospores

-the microspore (immature male gametophyte) develop into a pollen grain, which

replaces swimming sperm that are in seedless plants

-the megaspore (the immature female gametophyte) is located within within an

ovule, which will develop into an egg bearing female gametophyte

-pollination is the transfer of the male gametophyte to the area where the female

gametophyte is present, with the means of wind or animal transfer

-after fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryonic plant contained within a

seed, which holds sporophyte, food, and a protective seed coat

-there are 2 groups, the gymnosperms (naked seed) and angiosperms (enclosed

seed)

-Gymnosperms

-gametophyte has been reduced to a very small structure, which remains entirely on

the sporophyte

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Document Summary

Biol-1507 - lab 1 & 2 quiz review. 2) gametes fuse to give diploid zygote. 3) zygote undergoes mitosis and develops into the diploid sporophyte. 4) meiosis occurs, in specialized cells of the sporophyte. 5) haploid spores undergo mitosis and grow into the gametophyte (then cycle starts again) Small in length, rounded cells that move rapidly through water. Adapted by developing a holdfast (attachment organ) which allows it to stay in a. Also, it produced slime to slow down water loss. Has a at thallus (plant like body) with holdfast and is often the size of a lettuce leaf. Has separate male and female gametophytes, that undergo the alternations of generations (listed above) The gametophyte and sporophyte are said to be isomorphic as they look almost the same. Have evolved from some group of green algae. Have no vascular tissue, unlike all other plants. 1) they have rhizoids, which are stemlike and lea ike structures.

Related Questions

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

Question 1

The key innovation that allowed for plant survival on land, seenin the first land plants and all others after, but not in thecharophytes, is

Question 1 options:

	fruit.
	vascular tissue.
	the seed.
	protection of the embryo.

Question 2

Which dramatic change in the alternation-of-generations lifecycle led to the protection of all phases of the life cycle and theformation of seeds?

Question 2 options:

	transition from a dominant gametophyte generation to a dominantsporophyte generation
	transition from a dominant sporophyte generation to a dominantgametophyte generation

Question 3

Which structure(s) allow the sporophyte of vascular plants to beprotected against drying out?

Question 3 options:

	the waxy covering of leaves, called the cuticle
	small openings in the leaves, called stomata
	guard cells that surround each stoma
	all of these structures protect the dominant sporophyte fromdrying out

Question 4

Why are the bryophytes called nonvascular plants?

Question 4 options:

	because they are specialized for transporting water and organicnutrients
	because their roots, stems, and leaves lack vascular tissue
	because they protect their embryo
	because they produce wind-blown spores

Question 5

Which generation is dominant in the bryophytes?

Question 5 options:

	the generations are equally dominant
	the sporophyte
	the gametophyte
	there is no sporophyte generation in bryophytes

Question 6

Which of the bryophytes are typically low-lying, due mostly totheir need for moisture and lack of vascular tissue?

Question 6 options:

	the mosses
	the liverworts
	the hornworts
	all of the bryophytes are low-lying

Question 7

Which structure of the moss protects the embryo from dryingout?

Question 7 options:

	the archegonium
	the antheridium
	the sporangium
	the stalk

Question 8

Cooksonia were the first __________ plants; they hadwind-blown spores, __________, leaves, and roots.

Question 8 options:

	nonvascular; branches
	vascular; seeds
	nonvascular; seeds
	vascular; branches

Question 9

The roots of today's lycophytes are much like __________ were inearly vascular plants; the vascular tissue is __________.

Question 9 options:

	roots; centrally placed
	stems; centrally placed
	leaves; only found at the perimeter
	branches; only found at the perimeter

Question 10

Pteridophytes, or ferns and their allies, are __________vascular plants with __________.

Question 10 options:

	seed-producing; microphylls
	seedless; microphylls
	seedless; megaphylls
	seed-producing; megaphylls

Question 11

Microphylls __________. Megaphylls__________.

Question 11 options:

	are found in all vascular plants; are only found in thelycophytes
	are broad leaves with a single strand of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have several strands vascular tissue
	are broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue
	are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue; arebroad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue

Question 12

The fern life cycle

Question 12 options:

	all of these choices accurately describe the fern lifecycle.
	is dependent on external water.
	relies on the wind to disperse the spores.
	produces a gametophyte that lacks vascular tissue.

Question 13

Seed plants use meiosis to produce

Question 13 options:

	spores and pollen.
	seeds and fruit.
	pollen and seeds.
	microspores and megaspores.

Question 14

In seed plants, a microspore develops into

Question 14 options:

	an egg.
	a pollen grain.
	a sporophyte.
	All of these answers correctly complete this sentence.

Question 15

Within the angiosperms, or ___________, two groups exist. Theyare named for their __________.

Question 15 options:

	vascular plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats
	nonvascular plants; leaf type
	flowering plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats
	fungi; leaf type

Question 16

The __________ parts of a flower are the stamens, each of whichhas two parts: the anther and the filament. The __________ parts ofa flower are the carpel, which has three major regions: the stigma,the style, and the __________.

Question 16 options:

	female; male; ovary
	male; female; sepals
	female; male; sepals
	male; female; ovary

Question 17

Double fertilization during the angiosperm life cycle involvestwo sperm, one of which __________, while the other __________.

Question 17 options:

	fertilizes the egg to form a zygote; produces the endospermnucleus, which will develop into food for the developing plant
	is a mature male gametophyte; is an immature malegametophyte
	lands on the carpel of the plant; is usually blown away in thewind
	develops into the seed; develops into the fruit that surroundsthe seeds

Question 18

The bodies of most fungi are made up of a network of filamentscalled hyphae.

Question 18 options:

	True
	False

Question 19

What is the difference between land fungi and the chytrids?

Question 19 options:

	Land fungi are motile and have flagella at all stages of theirlife cycle. The chytrids do not have flagella.
	Land fungi are nonmotile and do not have flagella at any stageof their life cycle. The chytrids have flagellated spores andgametes.
	Land fungi are nonmotile and only have flagellated spores. Thechytrids have flagellated spores and gametes.
	Both are motile for part of their life cycle. Land fungi aremotile as gametes. Chytrids are motile as spores.

Question 20

The vast majority of described species of fungi are __________fungi, which include unicellular __________, which reproducesexually once their food supply runs out. When yeast ferment, theyproduce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 20 options:

	zygospore; black bread molds
	club; mushroom
	sac; yeast
	mutualistic; lichen

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BIOL-1507EL Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Pome, Xylem, Eudicots

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