BIOL 108- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 18 pages long!)
12 Oct 2017
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Involves the formulation and testing of hypotheses to assess how organisms should be classified and grouped. Examines characteristics including morphological and molecular characteristics: taxonomy the conventions by which animals are named, classification reflects the current understanding of evolutionary relationships. Phylogeny: evolutionary theory the great diversity of living things has arisen by modification of a small number of ancestral forms, systematics construct phylogenies of species that they think reflect the evolutionary relationships of these groups. Structures are derived from the same embryonic source durning development: convergent evolution similarities in two or more species that are unrelated occur in habitats that provide similar selection pressures. No evolutionary relationship, just similar selection pressures: analogs similarities arise due to convergent evolution. Two or more unrelated species occur in habitats that provide similar selection pressures. !1: homologous characters structure/attributes derived from common ancestors but don"t necessarily gave the same final structure and/or function. Cladogram construction: cladograms compare the relatedness of organisms, species or groups.
