PSYC-212 Study Guide - Final Guide: Construct Validity, Sleep Deprivation, Statistical Power

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Final Exam Review
1.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
2.
How can researchers use reflexivity to minimize interviewer bias?
3.
What is triangulation?
4.
Juana is interested in examining whether males or females are more avid readers. What
archival data can you use to examine the differential reading habits between the sexes?
5.
Compare and contrast top-down and bottom-up approaches to research.
6.
Why are qualitative research studies less concerned than quantitative research studies
about reliability and validity?
7.
Dr. Forrester wants to understand why children scream louder and engage in more
problem behaviors after being told “No” by their parents. Dr. Forrester believes that it
may have something to do with discipline consistency. What type of research design
would be most applicable to Dr. Forrester's research question?
8.
Tony and Rebecca are new lab assistants in Dr. Lee's sleep research lab. Dr. Lee has
asked Tony and Rebecca to develop a new study that will focus on observing sleep
patterns in children and sleep patterns in canines. Both Tony and Rebecca will need to
train other lab assistants on their research protocol. What important aspects of their
research design should Tony and Rebecca consider?
9.
Create a research question that includes at least one categorical variable and one
continuous variable and describe how each of these variables relates to your research
question.
10.
What is the appropriate statistical measure for determining reliability between two
observers or raters and why.
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11.
Write a brief results section for the data from a recent study examining sleep behaviors
in 106 preschoolers over 9 hours: 32 (nightmares), 21 (wet the bed), 12 (slept through
the night), 35 (woke up once during the night), 6 (woke up more than twice during the
night).
12.
A chocolate company would like to design a research experiment to determine if the
taste of their company's candy bar improves if the consumer knows the brand name of
the chocolate before rating it. The chocolate company is using in-house researchers and
seven different company's chocolate bars in their testing. What is the best research
design for this research study?
13.
Within a 5-hour observation period during the school day a child was observed
engaging in off-task behavior (e.g., daydreaming, watching television, playing with
pencil, drawing with pencil) 54 times for a total of 122 minutes. What would be the
most beneficial descriptive statistic to describe these data and why? Calculate the
descriptive statistic and report correctly.
14.
Describe how today's reality television shows lack ecological validity, though they boast
of showing the true lives of the individuals they record.
15.
When developing a survey that must be quickly reviewed and scored, what type of
questions should be asked and why?
16.
What is a double-barreled item?
17.
An anxiety test is using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly
Agree). How would you reverse code this scale?
18.
What is the difference between test-retest reliability and alternative-form reliability?
19.
What is the difference between convergent validity and discriminant validity?
20.
What is the difference between construct validity and content validity?
21.
Define and give an example of a directional hypothesis.
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22.
Define what a correlational study evaluates and develop your own simple correlational
study with two variables.
23.
Define open-ended and closed-ended questions then develop a brief interview using at
least two open-ended questions and two closed-ended questions to examine the
variables of family environment and academic performance.
24.
What is the major difference between reliability and validity? Is it possible to have a
scale that is reliable, but not valid? If so, how?
25.
Define covariation and then list three examples of covariation that occur in your own
life.
26.
When would it be appropriate for a researcher to use an experimental design as opposed
to a nonexperimental design?
27.
How would you operationalize the variables in an experiment examining the impact of
sleep deprivation on sense of humor?
28.
What are acceptable ways to randomly assign participants to the control and
experimental conditions?
29.
How can a researcher increase the internal validity of an experiment?
30.
How would you create a manipulation check for an experiment testing whether wearing
an activity tracker increases participants' persistence with a 90-day training program?
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Document Summary

Final exam review: what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research, how can researchers use reflexivity to minimize interviewer bias, what is triangulation, juana is interested in examining whether males or females are more avid readers. Dr. forrester believes that it may have something to do with discipline consistency. What type of research design would be most applicable to dr. forrester"s research question: tony and rebecca are new lab assistants in dr. lee"s sleep research lab. Dr. lee has asked tony and rebecca to develop a new study that will focus on observing sleep patterns in children and sleep patterns in canines. Both tony and rebecca will need to train other lab assistants on their research protocol. The chocolate company is using in-house researchers and seven different company"s chocolate bars in their testing. Page 3: sofia notices that her friends engage in superstitious behavior, like knocking on wood for good luck and wearing lucky clothes on important days.

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