PSYC-337 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Truancy, Testosterone
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC-337
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
History(of(Psychopathology(
•!“manie'sans'délire”'(Pinel)'
o!Mania'without'frenzy'
o!Cruelty,'irresponsibility,'immorality'
o!Antisocial'actions'without'signs'of'mental'illness'
o!1800s'
•!“moral'insanity”'(Pritchard)'
o!Failure'to'abide'by'societal'norms'
o!Maybe'they'were'mentally'ill?'
•!“psychopathic'inferiority”'(Koch)'
o!Genetic'strains'producing'flaw'in'personality'
o!Psychopaths'were'evil,'spiritually'and'genetically''
o!Late'1800s'early'1900s'
The(Mask(of(Sanity(
•!Hervey'Cleckley'(1941)'
o!Hallmark'book'that'specified'the'clinical'characteristics'of'“true”'psychopaths'
o!Superficial'charm'and'average'to'above'average'intelligence'key'features'
o!Provided'global'ratings'of'psychopathy'based'on'clinical'accounts'of'the'disorder'
Psychopathy(v.(Sociopathy(
•!Sociopathy'
o!Habitual'criminal'offender'that'has'not'been'properly'socialized'
o!Repetitive'offenders,'unreceptive'to'treatment,'rehabilitation,'prison'
o!APD'was'called'sociopathy'in'DSM'up'until'1968'
•!Psychopathy'
o!Discernable'cluster'of'psychological,'interpersonal,'and'neuro‐physiological'
features.'
Psychopathy(v.(APD(
•!Antisocial'Personality'Disorder'(APD)'
o!Person'who'exhibits'pervasive'pattern'of'disregard'for,'and'violation'of,'the'
rights'of'others'that'begins'in'childhood'or'early'adolescence'and'continues'into'
adulthood…'fail'to'conform'to'social'norms'or'respect'lawful'behaviour”'
o!“persistent'criminality”'
o!80%'of'male'correctional'inmate'population''
o!NOT'all'offenders'with'Antisocial'Personality'Disorder'are'psychopaths'BUT…'
!MOST'psychopaths'would'qualify'for'a'diagnosis'of'antisocial'personality'
disorder.'
F1'interpersonal/affective'traits'(PCL‐R)'
F2'antisocial/impulsive'lifestyle'traits'(social'deviance)‐'ASPD'
F1+F2'Psychopathy''
Psychopathy:(Preliminary(Notes(
•!One'of'the'most'important'psychological'concepts'in'the'legal'system'
•!Prevalence:'
o!1%'general'population'
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o!15‐25%'(or'higher)'correctional'populations''
•!Construct'is'probably'universal,'across'both'genders'&'in'all'cultures'
o!Women‐'no'special'version'of'PCL‐R'
o!CSC'(correctional'services'Canada)‐'does'not'permit'the'label'of'psychopath'for'
women'rather'“empathically'challenged”'
•!Often'criminals,'but'may'not'be''
o!Unsuccessful'v.'successful''“snakes'in'suits”'
•!Most'reliable'predictors'of'recidivism'and'violent'offending''
•!“fledgling”'psychopaths''children'with'psychopathic'traits''
Features(of(Psychopathy'
•!Outgoing,'charming,'verbally'proficient'
•!Egocentric,'shallow,'impulsive,'manipulative'
•!No'sense'of'empathy'or'remorse'
•!Lifespan'disorder‐emerges'early''
o!Lying,'stealing,'cheating,'truancy,'arson,'manipulation'
•!No'relationship'with'intelligence'or'appearance'
•!“Intraspecies'Predators”'
Categories(of(Psychopaths(
•!Primary'psychopaths'
o!Typical'psychopath,'emotionally'void'
o!Psychological,'emotional,'cognitive,'biological'
o!*neither'neurotic,'psychotic,'or'emotionally'disturbed*'
o!Biological'notion;'brain'is'wired'differently'
•!Secondary'psychopaths'
o!Severe'emotional'problems'or'inner'conflicts'
o!Neurotic'delinquents/symptomatic'
o!Made'to'be'psychopaths'
o!Subject'to'abuse'and'learned'behaviour;'become'emotionally'devoid'and'
detached'because'of'abuse'and'extensive'trauma'
•!Dyssocial'psychopaths''
o!Aggressive'&'antisocial'behaviour'that'is'learned''
Psychopathy(Checklist‐(Revised(
•!PCL'(Hare,1980);PCL‐R'(Hare,'1991);'PCL‐R'2nd'Ed.'(Hare,2003)'
•!Initially'designed'to'identify'psychopathic'males'
o!Prison,'forensic,'psychiatric'populations'
o!Normative'cultural'&'female'data'now'included'
•!Also'PCL‐YV,PCL‐SV,'and'P‐Scan'
o!YV‐youth'version'(ages'12‐18)'20'items'
o!SV‐screening'version''12'item'short'form'
o!P‐Scan'13'years'+;'15'mins,'90'item'checklist'
•!F1a:'interpersonal(1‐4'A);'F1b:'affective'(5‐8'B);'F2a:'impulsive'lifestyle'(1,2,3,6);'F2b:'
antisocial'behaviour'('4,5,7,8,9)'
'
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
History of psychopathology: manie sans d lire (pinel) o mania without frenzy o cruelty, irresponsibility, immorality o antisocial actions without signs of mental illness o 1800s, moral insanity (pritchard) o failure to abide by societal norms o maybe they were mentally ill, psychopathic inferiority (koch) o genetic strains producing flaw in personality o psychopaths were evil, spiritually and genetically o late 1800s early 1900s. The mask of sanity: hervey cleckley (1941) o hallmark book that specified the clinical characteristics of true psychopaths o superficial charm and average to above average intelligence key features o provided global ratings of psychopathy based on clinical accounts of the disorder. Psychopathy v. sociopathy: sociopathy o habitual criminal offender that has not been properly socialized o repetitive offenders, unreceptive to treatment, rehabilitation, prison o apd was called sociopathy in dsm up until 1968, psychopathy o discernable cluster of psychological, interpersonal, and neuro physiological features.
