BIOL 101 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Yeast, Xylem, White Blood Cell
11 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BIOL 101
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
1
1. Levels of organization of life
1.1 Life
1.1.1 Organization
Atom –molecule –organelle –cell – (unicellular/multicellular) tissue – organ –
system- organism- population – community – ecosystem- biome
Living things = Organisms [Virus not cells not living things], made of cells
Atoms we're made of = CHNOPS (e.g. PO4-)
Molecules (bio) : Group of atoms in a specific structure giving a specific function
Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Organelle : Structure inside a cell, w/ specific function (e.g. chloroplast)
Cells : Basic units of life
• Unicellular organisms = one cell (e.g. bacteria, paramecium)
• Multicellular organisms
Tissues : Group of similar cells (epiderm of skin)
Organ : Body part w/ a specific function, composed of different tissues (e.g. skin,
stomach
System : Group of organs w/ a general similar function (digestive system,
excretory system [urine], respiratory system and circulatory system)
Biological species : members having potential of reproduction, which kids are
viable and fertile offspring
Populations = same specie's members interacting with each other (e.g. MTL's
squirrels vs. South Shore's squirrels)
Community : Sum of all the populations in an area (biotic)
Ecosystem : Community interacting w/ their abiotic factors (physical), such as
precipitation, soil type, T°, light [sun].
Biomes : Large terrestrial ecosystems (forest, desert, plains, mountains, etc.)
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find more resources at oneclass.com
2
1.1.2 Energy Transfer within an organism and between
trophic levels:
Photosynthesis (chloroplast) : located inside the chloroplast (organelle) traps the
sunlight energy during photosynthesis = transfers energy to glucose
Cellular respiration (mitochondria) harvesting energy contained inside glucose to
make ATP, inside a mitochondrion.
A) Energy transfer within a food chain or ecosystem
• Same thing as what is happening within the cells, however it is between
plants and animals (all animals eating from the plants and other animals
are called Heterotrophs)
• PLANT: autotroph (self-feeding)
• PRIMARY CONSUMER: herbivore
• Secondary, tertiary and quaternary consumers are carnivores
• Quaternary consumers are called top carnivores
Primary Producer/ Autotroph
Consumer (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) / Heterotroph
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Atom molecule organelle cell (unicellular/multicellular) tissue organ system- organism- population community ecosystem- biome. Living things = organisms [virus not cells not living things], made of cells. Atoms we"re made of = chnops (e. g. po4-) Molecules (bio) : group of atoms in a specific structure giving a specific function. Organelle : structure inside a cell, w/ specific function (e. g. chloroplast) Cells : basic units of life: unicellular organisms = one cell (e. g. bacteria, paramecium, multicellular organisms. Tissues : group of similar cells (epiderm of skin) Organ : body part w/ a specific function, composed of different tissues (e. g. skin, stomach. System : group of organs w/ a general similar function (digestive system, excretory system [urine], respiratory system and circulatory system) Biological species : members having potential of reproduction, which kids are viable and fertile offspring. Populations = same specie"s members interacting with each other (e. g. mtl"s squirrels vs. south shore"s squirrels)
