BIOL 111- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 99 pages long!)

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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
44
BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
44 documents

Document Summary

I(cid:374)trodu(cid:272)i(cid:374)g the deuterosto(cid:373)es - e(cid:272)hi(cid:374)oder(cid:373)s a(cid:374)d chordates. Largest organism (by area): fungus (humongus fungus) outline: fungi: characteristic, symbioses, importance to ecosystem, reproduction, fungus phylogeny and diversity. Fungus can have a positive impact: make bread, break down lignans and cellulose. Cell wall made of chitin (poly-glucosamine) and glucans (polysaccharide) Produce spores (single cell that will yield a new organism) Have common features of both plants and animals. In many species, hyphae are divided into cell-like compartments by porous septae; cytoplasm is continuous. Body is a dense aggregation of hyphae. Root: spread out to get as much nutrients as possible. Only a small portion of the total biomass. "fruiting bodies"" (ie mushrooms) are formed for reproduction. Decomposing log have a lot of hyphae. Symbiotic: commensal (+/0) with other organisms, mutualistic (+/+) with plants, animals, algae, bacteria, mycorrhiza: mutualistic association of fungus with plant roots. Fungus receives carbohydrates and plant receives minerals, water. Ecto-, endo- types: parasitic (+/-) with plants or animals, predatory.