22 Apr 2012
School
Department
Course
Professor

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Barbara%McClintock'8'%,.$245"'255"5".'/0'72-9":'
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in%the%large%gal8%allele%at%multiple%times%in%the%chromosome<''
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• ="55.'@;"&"'$;"'16'$&2,.3/.">'/%$'/0'$;"'L","'later%in%>"F"5/37",$'7%5$-35D'
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Stable%mutations'#2%.">'4D'16'@;",'$;"D'2&"'not$able$to$cleave$themselves$out$
cleanly:$
• =/%5>';2F"'7%$2$-/,'/&'>"5"$-/,'/0'3/&$-/,.'/0'$;"'16'&"B%-&">'0/&'
&"#/L,-$-/,'4D'$&2,.3/.2."M'.%#;'$;2$'$;"'16'-.'-77/4-5-9"><''
• Y&'C,/#C'/%$'$;"'0%,#$-/,'/0'$;"'$&2,.3/.2."'L","'H/,5D'-0'/,"'
$&2,.3/.2."'$/'.$2&$'@-$;J<'
• 6&&/&'-,'$&2,.3/.-$-/,'5"2>-,L'$/'-73&"#-."'"P#-.-/,'5"2F-,L'2'#/%35"'
42."'32-&.'4";-,><'This%is%more%likely%to%happen%than%one%
transposaseG'1&2,.3/./,'Z0//$3&-,$.['$;2$'#/%5>'C,/#C'/%$'$;"'
0%,#$-/,'/0'./7"$;-,L<''
'
Fate%of%progeny%depends%on%whether%somatic%or%germline%event:'
16'-,."&$-/,.'/&'7/F"7",$.'$;2$'/##%&'-,'somatic%#"55.'2&"',/,I;"&-$245"'
16'-,."&$-/,.'/&'7/F"7",$.'$;2$'/##%&'-,'germline'#"55.'@-55'4"'32..">'/,'$/'
3&/L",D'
75)$8-2(#$'8-)'():'%2:28#-)#/&#)'""=()$8)<2(:0$82)"200-)1$00);2).&--24)'8)#')
*-#&;02):=#&8#+).('<2836)7/$-):'-#)0$>203)"'=04);2)4=2)#')$:.(2"$-2)
#(&8-.'-$#$'8)'9)&)#(&8-.'-&;02)202:28#6)
'
NY\1'YQ'1O6']AY+6T^'WV!!'_6'ST\1E_!6'NS1E1VYT\'!V`6'1O6']EA6T1\<''''
'
Bacterial%insertion%sequences:%
\$&%#$%&":'
• 6,#/>".'$&2,.3/.2."'3&/$"-,'H3"&0/&7.'$&2,.3/.-$-/,J'
• 1"&7-,25'-,F"&$">'&"3"2$.'H&"B%-&">'0/&'$&2,.3/.-$-/,J'
• 12&L"$'.-$"'>%35-#2$-/,'H#&"2$">'>%&-,L'-,."&$-/,J'
• E'42#$"&-25'$&2,.3/./,'-.'7/&"'#/735-#2$">'2,>'#2&&D';/.$'L","M'2,>'
."",'-,'$@/'$D3".:'#/73/.-$"'H;-$#;';-C"&.J'2,>'.-735"'$&2,.3/./,.<''
%
Bacterial%transposons:'
=/73/.-$":'H"<L<'1,a'2,>'1,RbJ'
• _2#$"&-25'H;/.$J'L",".'052,C">'4D'('V,."&$-/,'\"B%",#".'
• Q&"B%",$5D'2,'2,$-4-/$-#'&".-.$2,#"M'-$'@-55'7/F"'2.'2'%,-$<''
\-735"'H"<L<'1,cJ'
• No'-,."&$-/,'."B%",#".'HV\!'2,>'V\AJ'
• Q52,C">'4D'-,F"&$">'&"3"2$.'
• 6,#/>".'$&2,.3/.2."'
• E5./'#2&&-".'4","0-#-25';/.$'L","'H2,$-4-/$-#'&".-.$2,#"J'
'
Multiresistant%plasmids:'
W"';2F"'d'>-00"&",$'$&2,.3/./,.'-,'$;-.'352.7->'#/>-,L'0/&')'2,$-4-/$-#'&".-.$2,#"'
L",".<''
'
Eukaryotic%transposable%elements:%(2%types)%
=52..'V'*'A"$&/$&2,.3/./,.'HA"F"&."'1&2,.#&-3$2."JM'"P<'^"2.$'1DRM',('-'./$0&'"'.$&)
• LTR%Retrotransposons:'5/,L'$"&7-,25'>-&"#$'&"3"2$.'H]Y!'-.'$;"'A12."'
;"&"J<'+E+'#2,'4"'-,F/5F">'-,'72C-,L'2'3&/$"-,'#/2$<'Q/%,>'-,'72,D'.3"#-".<''
• Non8LTR%Retrotranspons:'!VT6.'2,>'\VT6.'HE5%'65"7",$'-.'$;"'7/.$'
24%,>2,$'-,'$;"';%72,'L",/7"J'

=52..'VV'*'?TE'$&2,.3/./,.'
• O2F"'$"&7-,25'inverted%&"3"2$.<''
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• N2-9"'E#I"5"7",$.'2,>'?&/./3;-52']I"5"7",$.'2&"'"P2735".'/0'$;"."'
$&2,.3/./,.<''
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Mechanisms%of%transposition:%
=/,."&F2$-F"'*'Z#%$'8'32.$"['-,$/',"@'5/#2$-/,'
"<L<'?&"#2($&0)78@AB)2=>&(3'#$"),C!)#(&8-.'-'8-)HE#I"5"7",$.M']I"5"7",$.J)
• Y,5D'-,'.3"#-25'#-&#%7.$2,#".'@;"&"'$;"D'#2,'-,#&"2."'-,'#/3D',%74"&'
$;&/%L;'-73&/3"&'."L&"L2$-/,'/&'-0'$;"D'K%73'./7"@;"&"'$;"D'2&"'4"-,L'
$&2,.#&-4"><'
• 1&2,.3/.2."I7">-2$">''
• =%$.'2$'$2&L"$'.-$"M'=%$.'/%$'0&/7'/5>'.-$"M'V,."&$.'-,',"@'.-$"'
• O/.$'&"32-&.'#%$'.-$".'$/'L","&2$"'$2&L"$'.-$"'>%35-#2$-/,'
• "<L<'1,RbM'"%C2&D/$-#'?TE'$&2,.3/./,.'5-C"'E#e?.M'?&/./3;-52']'"5"7",$'
• 7(&8-.'-&-2)"=#)&#)#/2)-2D=28"2-)#/&#)"&8);2)-.2"$9$"B)"(2&#$8<)&)-#&<<2(24)"=#6)
75)1$00)"=#)'=#)'9)'04)-$#2)&84)$8-2(#-)$8)#/2)821)-$#2)*"=#):&42);3)#(&8-.'-&-2)
;29'(2)&-)1200+6)E29#)1$#/)#/2-2)<&.-)'8)2$#/2()2846)7/2)/'-#F-)(2.&$()-3-#2:)1$00)
9$G)#/$-6)7/$-)$-)/'1)3'=)<2#)#/2)4$(2"#)(2.2&#-)'8)#/2)HFIJF)284-6)*!77KK+6)
)
_2#$"&-2'2,>'6%C2&D/$".'>/'$;-.'>-00"&",$5D:'
1@/'#-&#%52&'352.7->.<'_2#$"&-2';2F"'$&2,.3/.2."'#%$'2$'2'$2&L"$'.-$"'2,>'
4&-,L'$/L"$;"&'352.7->.'$/'cointegrate<'1;"'",>.'/0'$;"'#%$'",>'K/-,'$;"'#%$'
",>.'/0'$;"',"@'.-$"'72C"-,L'/,"'4-L'$@-.$">'5//3<'
6,9D7"'#255">'resolvase'$;",'#%$.'2,>'7">-2$".'$;"'0/&72$-/,'/0'$@/'
H/&-L-,25'2,>',"@J'5//3.<'O2F"'2',"@'16'-,'2',"@'5/#2$-/,'H(,>'#/3DJ<''''
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A"35-#2$-F"'*'2>>.',"@'#/3D'$/',"@'5/#2$-/,'
26<6)?&"#2($&0)78JB)2=>&(3'#$")(2#('#(&8-.'-'8-'
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o !1A'&"$&/$&2,.3/./,.'&"."745"'&"$&/F-&%.".'8'7/F"'$;&/%L;'2'
.-7-52&'7"#;2,-.7M'$;/%L;'$;"D'$",>'$/'52#C'$;"'28%20'.2'L","M'./'
#2,,/$'32#C2L"'$;"7."5F".'2,>'5"2F"<''
o T/,I!1A'&"$&/$&2,.3/./,.'2&"'&"F"&."'$&2,.#&-4">'-,'$;"',%#5"%.'
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• =/3-">M'ATE'-,$"&7">-2$"M'$;",'#/3-">'42#C'-,$/'$;"'?TE<''
• \/M'-.'2'&"$&/$&2,.3/./,'2'02-5">'F-&%.X'Y&'-.'2'F-&%.'2,'".#23">'
&"$&/$&2,.3/./,X'
'
• ATE'/0'!1A'&"$&/$&2,.3/./,'-.'&"F"&."'$&2,.#&-4">'$/'DNA%in%cytoplasmM'
2,>'$;",'?TE'#/3D'returned%to%the%nucleus'0/&'-,."&$-/,'-,$/'$;"'
L",/7"<'
• A"$&/F-&%.".'72C"'72,D'ATE'#/3-".'$;2$'2&"'32#C2L">'0/&'>-.3"&.25'
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