FACC 100 Study Guide - Final Guide: Social Inequality, Appropriate Technology, Fidic
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25 Aug 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Engineering Professional Values
Professional values (“the 4 commandments”)
-Competence
○Mastery of knowledge necessary for professional practice
○ Application of scientific principles and standards of good practice
○ Use of practical judgement
○Respect for human element
○Keep up with the latest developments in your field after graduation
➢Professional practice (facing routine challenges at work)
➢Attending conferences and seminars
➢Back to school to earn a Master’s or a Ph.D.
➢Retraining and/or professional development 7
-Responsibility
○Engineers can only accept assignments for which they have the necessary
competence
○Must assume full responsibility for consequences of professional actions
○Are personally answerable to clients and to society for their work
-Social Commitment
○Maintaining a high level of quality in professional practice
○Respecting economic, social, political and ecological development
○Promoting well-being of fellow citizens
-Ethical Conduct
○Personal interest and profitability come second to interests of society and of clients
○Dedication to integrity, availability, independence, professional discretion, and
solidarity with colleagues
○Actions to be guided by professional conscience
○Code of Ethics
An engineer’s obligations
3 main ‘stakeholders’
– Public
– Client or employer
– Engineering profession
Obligations to the public
• Respect the well-being of fellow citizens as well as the environment
• Inform or warn stakeholders (client, supervisor, employer, public) if engineering
work poses a risk or danger
• Provide advice that is based on adequate knowledge and honest convictions
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Obligations to the client or employer
• Execute work only if competent
• Act with integrity
– False representations
– Clear and explicit instructions
– Inform of any errors
– Inform client of consequences if advice is not followed Bribes 贿赂
• Complete work with diligence
• Apply Engineer’s seal and signature
– Engineering designs and specifications
– Work performed by non-engineers (e.g., engineer-in-training)
• Ensure independence and no conflict of interest
Respect confidentiality•保密
Obligations to the profession
• Harmful or derogatory acts
• Relationship with the Order and fellow engineers
Standards of Responsibility in Engineering
Malpractice Model
• Engineers must conform to standard operating procedures (SOP)
• Existing regulations tend to be minimalist
• Responsibility linked with legal liability
• Focus on blame and punishment
Reasonable Care Model
• Should exceed existing regulations if they are insufficient
• Meet the standard that a prudent nonprofessional would expect
• Concern for public welfare instead of trying to avoid blame
• Responsibility as a civic virtue
• Focus on prevention of harm
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Good Works Model
• Going above and beyond the call of duty
• An engineer who does not meet this standard cannot be blamed or be considered
morally deficient
• Often met with resistance
– Tight time schedules
– Limited budgets
– Other priorities
Philosophy and Principles of Ethics
Bernard Gert’s moral system
…an informal public system applying to all rational persons, governing behavior that
affects others, and includes what are commonly known as the moral rules, ideals,
and virtues and has the lessening of evil or harm as its goal.
Bernard Gert’s 10 moral rules
• Do not kill
• Do not cause pain
• Do not disable i.e., do not harm
• Do not deprive of freedom
• Do not deprive of pleasure
• Do not deceive
• Keep your promises
• Do not cheat i.e., do not violate trust
• Obey the law
• Do your duty
4 classical ethical theories
Mill’s utilitarianism 功利主义
• Provide the maximum benefit for the greatest number of people
• Legal system and democratic government based on these principles
• Common approach used by engineers (ex.: cost-benefit analyses)
• Difficulty lies in calculating maximum benefit
• 3 key factors:
– Intensity
– Duration
– Number
• Equality of distribution of benefits
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com