NUTR 207 Study Guide - Final Guide: Lactose Intolerance, Dietary Fiber, Resistant Starch
20 Oct 2017
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4. 1 chemistry: carbs made of c, h, o, follow formula (ch2o)n. single unit (monosaccharide) or repeating single units (poly, or complex) Complex carbs : oligosaccharides (3-10) and polysaccharides (long chains) Glucose : blood sugar, essential for energy, mildly sweet, is part of many other carbs. Fructose: sweetest, same chem formula as glucose but different arrangement. Galactose: barely sweet, same chem formula but diff arrangement, only found naturally in few foods. Disaccharides (sugars): pairs of monosaccharides (put together/take apart through dehydration (condensation)/hydrolysis) Glycogen; made of many glucose units. storage carb in body, only in animals (meat has very little since it hydrolyzes after slaughter). In human body (liver and muscle), stores some glucose, can supply surge of glucose if needed (hormone signals enzymes to attack glycogen, breaking apart to glucose). Starch: storage in plants, 100s or 1000s of glucose in branches or chains. Grains are richest source of starch, provides majority food energy globally (rice, wheat, corn).
