PHGY 210- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 160 pages long!)

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Regulation of water, inorganic ion balance (na+, k+, cl-) and acid-base balance (ph). Removal of metabolic waste (urea) and foreign chemicals (drugs, ex: antibiotics) from the blood and their excretion in the urine. Renin enzyme controlling formation of angiotensin influencing blood pressure and sodium balance. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d active vitamin influencing calcium balance: anatomy. There are two layers of the kidney: renal cortex outer layer, renal medulla inner layer. Renal medulla is lobulated lobules called renal pyramid. Renal pelvis is the center of the kidney urine accumulates here first before draining through the ureter. Blood flow: renal artery kidney renal vein: flow of blood in kidney (artery) Renal artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent arteriole . Nephron: nephron functional unit of the kidney where all filtration, reabsorption and secretion mechanisms occur. Nephron consist of: renal corpuscle made up of glomerulus (capillary loops) and bowman"s capsule .

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