POLI 449- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 51 pages long!)

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International bargaining is particularly complex because there are multiple levels, issues, and actors playing out at the same time (putnam 1988): "at the national level, domestic groups pursue their interests by pressuring the government to adopt favourable policies, and politicians seek power by constructing coalitions among those groups. At the international level, national governments seek to maximize their own ability to satisfy domestic pressures, while minimizing the adverse consequences of foreign developments. Neither of the two games can be ignored by central decision-makers, so long as their countries remain interdependent, yet sovereign. (putnam, 434) "each national political leader appears at both game boards. Across the international table sit his foreign counterparts, and at his elbows sit diplomats and other international advisors. Around the domestic table behind him sit party and parliamentary figures, spokespersons for domestic agencies, representatives of key interest groups, and the leader"s own political advisors. Nevertheless, there are powerful incentives for consistency between the two games.

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