BIOLOGY 1M03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Allele Frequency, Genetic Drift, Genotype Frequency
13 Apr 2013
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Chapter 1- biology and the tree of life. Biological science was founded with the development of the cell theory and the theory of evolution by natural selection. Phylogenetic tree- a diagram used to represent evolutionary relationships among species; can be established by analyzing similarities (and differences) in traits. Louis pasteur- demonstrated that cells arise from pre-existing cells and not by spontaneous generation (straight/ swan- necked flask experiment; figure 1-2) Since cells come from pre-existing cells, all individuals in a population of single-celled organisms are related by a single common ancestry. A multicellular organism cells are connected by common ancestry. Darwin and wallace- proposed that all species are related by common ancestry and characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation. A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area constitutes a population. If certain traits increase fitness, they become more common in the population over time.
