BIOLOGY 1A03 Study Guide - Final Guide: Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Open Reading Frame, Reading Frame

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16 Apr 2016

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BIOLOGY 1A03 Full Course Notes

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Theme 2 applied lecture #3- rna splicing and spinal muscular atrophy. Part of reading frame that has the potential to code for a protein or peptide. Beginning at aug (start codon) and ending with a stop codon (uag, tga, taa) Mutations are most harmful at the end of a gene. Removing a nucleotide can interrupt splicing as rna splicing will not occur with the removal. Inserting/ deleting one nucleotide shifts the reading frame and changes the amino acid of a nucleotide. In a micrograph of a dna-rna hybrid, one can see loops which represent the extra dna template. This is because pre-mrna is not mature and does not undergo post- transcriptional modifications, for example, the necessary 5" cap and 3" poly a tail addition which are required for a stable mrna transcript. Signals prevent ribosome binding at pre mrna. Cannot get outside of the nucleus to continue protein synthesis. Pre mrna is very unstable and short lived.

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Match the following:

1	Region which lies upstream of thetranslation start site contains the Shine Dalgarno sequence
2	Sequence added to the 3' end of thepre-mRNA which affects mRNA stability
3	Establishes the reading frame andspecifies the first amino acid of the protein chain
4	DNA sequence that the transcriptionapparatus recognizes and binds to initiate transcription
5	Expressed sequences of DNA that arenot removed during alternative splicing
6	Signals the end of translation andthe protein molecule
7	Group of three nucleotides that codefor an amino acid
8	Site begins the coding region of thegene and is located 25-30 nucleotides downstream of the TATAbox
9	Non-coding sequences of DNA thatintervene within coding regions of a gene
	10 Ribosome binding site ineukaryotes; functions in the initiation of translation and mRNAstability
11	A sequence which lies downstream ofthe coding region of the gene; determines the location of the 3'cleavage site in the pre-mRNA molecule
12	Sequence of nucleotides at the 3' endof the mRNA that is not translated into protein; affects thetranslation and stability of the mRNA molecule

A.	5' untranslated region
B.	AAUAAA consensus sequence
C.	Promoter
D.	Transcription start site
E.	3' untranslated region
F.	Introns
G.	Initiation codon (AUG)
H.	Poly(A) tail
I.	5' cap
J.	Termination codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)
K.	Exons
L.	Sense codon