BIOLOGY 1M03 Study Guide - Nonsynonymous Substitution, Synonymous Substitution, Neanderthal Genome Project

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40-30kya record in europe, neanderthals disappeared and replaced by modern people. They have high foreheads, sharp chins, less robust body, use sophisticated tools, trading over long distance, make art (similar to people on world today). There is evidence that these people first appeared in africa before europe. 60kya from africa and spread throughout the world. Small face and small teeth are favored by natural selection because these people did not use their teether as tools as much as earlier people had. Long limbs and short trunks : the body proportions of these creatures were similar to those of people who live in warm climates and may reflect the african origins of these people. Less robust postcranial skeleton: the skeleton of these people was much less robust than. These people had longer limbs with thinner walled bones; longer, more lightly built hands; shorter , thicker pubic bones; and distinctive shoulder blades.

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