[BIOLOGY 2B03] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (154 pages long!)
Document Summary
Sensors: initiate change inside of the cell by relaying information. Regulation: proteins can be activators or silencers for genes which allows gene expression to be controlled. They can also modify the function of other proteins and turn them on or off. Signalling: proteins act as signals as well as the receptors for communication between cells. They are also the transduction pathways that interpret those signals. There is an amino end (n-terminus) and a carboxyl end (c-terminus). Between each amino acid residue is a peptide bond holding it together into a chain. The peptide bond is between a c terminus and an n terminus, it is a c-n bond. Each amino acid has a similar structure around the central alpha carbon. They all consist of: hydrogen, amino group (h3n+, carboxyl group, variable r-group. The variable group of each individual amino acid will dictate that a(cid:373)i(cid:374)o a(cid:272)id"s properties but the accumulated r groups will define the properties of the entire polypeptide.
