BIOLOGY 3UU3 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Hypoglycemia, Glutathione, Pentose
5 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Metabolic cycles as an underlying basis of biological oscillations. Temporal compartmentalization of metabolism that takes place during cycles. Cyclic changes in a cells metabolic state might be a fundamental driving fore for such biological oscillations. Some chemical reactions are incompatible and others produce toxic or mutagenic by-products. Spatial compartmentalization: single cell level organelles for specific metabolic functions, disparate chemical reactions are insulated from the bulk environment proceeds under locally optimized conditions, macroscopically within tissues and organs (liver gluconeogenic others glycolytic) Temporal compartmentalization: repeated temporal segregation repeats metabolic processes over successive cycles, alleviates futile cycles. Metabolic cycles may form the underlying basis for many rhythmic phenomena in biology: circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycle, hibernation. Robust 4-5 h cycles of oxygen consumption during nutrient-limited growth conditions. Over half their genes are expressed periodically as a function of these cycles. Genes that encode proteins with a common function often show similar temporal expression patterns: different classes are upregulated at entirely different temporal windows.
