[BIOLOGY 3UU3] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 16 pages long Study Guide!
7 Feb 2017
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A wheel of time: the circadian clock, nuclear receptors and physiology. Complex connections between molecular clocks and nuclear receptor signaling pathways. Large-scale circadian regulatory network co-ordinating a diverse array of physiological processes to maintain dynamic homeostasis: (cid:862)(cid:272)ir(cid:272)adia(cid:374)(cid:863) about a day. Behaviour rhythms (sleeping, food seeking) and physiological rhythms (body temperature, blood pressure and metabolism) help animals survive by allowing the anticipation and adaptation to predictable changes in the environment. Central clock = scn within the hypothalamus: entrained (determine/modify phase or period) by light, feeding and ambient temperature are time givers for peripheral clocks. Hormones and metabolites in the endocrine system regulate reproduction, blood pressure, and metabolism: adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucocorticoids and aldosterone rises before waking. Gears body up for activity phase: thyroid-stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine have a synchronous rhythm, glucose, free fatty acids cholesterol and bile acids (metabolites) also fluctuate. More than half of receptors follow rhythmic cycles in key metabolic tissues.
