BIOLOGY 3UU3 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Orexin Receptor, Sleep Deprivation, Drug Withdrawal

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Motivational activation: a unifying hypothesis of orexin/hypocretin function. Orexins primarily mediate behavior under situations of high motivational relevance: physiological need states, exposure to threats or reward opportunities. Orexins help transform motivational activation into adaptive behavior directed toward managing/exploiting the challenge/opportunity: by facilitating suits of psychological and physiological processes. Disruption of this integrated orexin function substantially contributes to sleep/wake disturbances seen in narcolepsy/cataplexy (nc) Heterogeneity and plasticity among orexin neurons, their afferents, and orexin and co- transmitter signaling in efferent target structures modulate this integrative role. Arousal and sleep/wake transitions: orexin administration lengthens periods of wakefulness, orexin disruption shortens periods of wakefulness, loss of these orexin neurons/receptors result in nc. Instead they have intrusions of sleep in the active period and wake in the rest period. 2 arousal-related patterns of activity: long-term circadian oscillations in orexin release/csf levels, phasic, behavior-related bursts of orexin neuron firing.

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