CHEM 1A03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Valence Bond Theory, Lone Pair, Lewis Structure
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CHEM 1A03 Full Course Notes
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Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions in the crystal lattice of a salt. Covalent bonding is the sharing of valence electrons between atomic nuclei within a molecule. Use the last digit of the group number from the periodic table to determine the number of valence electrons for each atom. Place one electron on each of the four sides of an imaginary rectangle enclosing the central atom before pairing any electrons. If there are more than four valence electrons, pair up the electrons as required to place all of the valence electrons. Lewis symbols closely correspond closely with electron configurations: Electrons pair up four pairs arise from s and p orbitals. Arrange atoms symmetrically around the central atom (generally listed first in formula). Count the number of valence electrons of all atoms in the compound. [for polyatomic ions, add electrons corresponding to the negative charge, and subtract electrons corresponding to the positive charge. ]