EARTHSC 2GG3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Vertical Draft, Coriolis Force, Cumulonimbus Cloud

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Pyroclastic flow and volcanic surge: a pyroclastic flow is a mixture of hot volcanic ash and steam that pours downslope because it is too dense to rise. In some cases, a high-speed ash-rich shock wave called a surge may race across the ground ahead of a pyroclastic flow. There are three types: dissolution: acid ground water seeps through the soil that is thin and permeable and it dissolves underlying limestone along fractures. The upper parts of fractures widen to form lumpy karst surface. The overlying soil percolates to create a surface depression. This allows the soil cavity to grow larger leading to sudden collapse of the thinning roof. El nino: normally, oceanic circulation flows westwards in pacific oceans due to trade winds, high p cell over south america and low p cell over indonesia. Dry air descends over sa and moist air rises over indonesia causes strong winds that push warm water west towards.

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