EARTHSC 2WW3 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Oxygen Saturation, The Overland, Groundwater
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
EARTHSC 2WW3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
River Basins
• River basins: Up slopes that drain into a given area.
• Throughflow/interflow: Water that's flowing through the ground.
• Overland flow: Water moving above ground or runoff.
• Infiltration capacity: Maximum rate of water entering the soil when there is abundant
precipitation.
• Infiltration-excess overland flow: Overland flow/runoff occurring b/c the pores of the soils
are saturated & the infiltration capacity is small.
• Throughflow does not enter saturated rock - becomes saturation-exceed overland flow.
• Drainage basin/watershed: Area of land that is drained by one river or stream.
• Source: Locations where water goes towards.
• Mouth: Where stream joins another water body.
• Tributaries: Small streams or rivers in the drainage basin.
• Drainage divide: Area around drainage basin that determines where rainfall goes.
• Streamflow/discharge: Volume of water that passes a point in a unit of time.
• Stream discharge: Calculated by product of velocity and cross-sectional area.
o Q = V X A where:
▪ Q = discharge (m3s-1)
▪ V = velocity (ms-1)
▪ A = cross-sectional area (m2).
• In a stream, the max velocity is at the centre because it has the least friction.
Hydrographs
• Measures discharge as a measure of time relative to onset of precipitation event.
• Peakflow: Point in time with highest discharge.
• Lag time: Time between highest precipitation and peakflow.
• Rise time: Time between onset of precipitation event and peakflow.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• If infiltration-excess overland flow dominates runoff response, then there is high peakflow
and short lag time.
• If throughflow dominates, water discharge still occurs, but is delayed.
• Urbanization - More infiltration-excess overland flow -> higher peakflow and short lag time.
• Graph will have sharper peaks and be steeper.
• Flood event more likely.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
River basins: river basins: up slopes that drain into a given area, throughflow/interflow: water that"s flowing through the ground, overland flow: water moving above ground or runoff. Infiltration capacity: maximum rate of water entering the soil when there is abundant precipitation. In a stream, the max velocity is at the centre because it has the least friction. Hydrographs: measures discharge as a measure of time relative to onset of precipitation event, peakflow: point in time with highest discharge. Lag time: time between highest precipitation and peakflow: rise time: time between onset of precipitation event and peakflow. If infiltration-excess overland flow dominates runoff response, then there is high peakflow and short lag time. If throughflow dominates, water discharge still occurs, but is delayed: urbanization - more infiltration-excess overland flow -> higher peakflow and short lag time, graph will have sharper peaks and be steeper, flood event more likely.
