GEOG 3MB3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Canada, Graph Of A Function, Ontario
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
GEOG 3MB3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
September 9, 2016
Key terms for today
Property
- Property means an attribute or characteristic of a thing
- There are different types of properties, sometimes they are numbers like weight
or length
- Statistics is largely just taking properties and reducing them to something that is
more useful or factual
Population
- Population is just a complete group of things with 1 or more quantifiable
descriptive properties that are held in common
- It is used informally all the time but what population really means is actually
heavily under debate
- This is every bit of data within the given boundaries provided
- So these numbers are all properties of the population
Parameter
- Some number that describes a property of a population
- Much of stats is about trying to estimate unknown parameters
- We almost never know true properties
- Number of Canadians…. 1.2 million
- Average student debt – 26 000 – this varies per province many other provinces
are much cheaper than Ontario
- Gangnam style has 2.6 billion views, he probably made about 6 million dollars
from this (there is only one thing in this population so the parameter is easy to
find, because there can only be 1 thing)
- For the number of Canadians in food service – it is hard to get the parameter
because the population is harder to define
Sample
- Set of data selected from a population using a specified set of rules
- Often used because there is no practical way to get information from a population
Statistic
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- Is a value that describes a property of a sample of a population
- A parameter is to a population as a statistic is to a sample
- Statistics are used to estimate parameters
Sample Statistics and population parameters
- Statistics from samples are used to estimate unknown parameters of populations
Example: Canadian Census
- This short form is supposed to be quite detailed (comprehensive and describes
the population)
- The long form census is a longer more in depth collection of data from a sample
from within the population
Sample Statistics…
- This data about females could be a population or sample value
- We try to estimate trends by looking at populations and samples over time
Data
- Are collections of properties of collections or samples
Quantitative Data
- We will be focusing more on this type of data than qualitative data
Qualitative Data
- These are things that we have more intuition about
Categorical Data
- This data is used to classify things into a group
Boolean data
- A subset of categorical data, used when you have 2 states only for example “on”
and “off”
- Used heavily in computer technology
Types of Numbers
- Whole numbers – used by people for a very long time
- Integers – whole numbers but can be positive or negative, no decimal places
- Rational numbers are fractions of integers
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
