HISTORY 1DD3 Final: LAST THIRD OF LECTURE NOTES

• School: McMaster University
• Department: History
• Course: HISTORY 1DD3
• Professor: Stephen Heathorn

Document Summary

Atlantic revolutions and the industrial revolutions had profound impacts over the 19th century around the world. Liberalism faced serious challenges, due to the nature of the society that this ideology this tended to accompany. By the end of the 15th century a number of new ideologies had emerged that challenge the core tenets of liberalism as the path to modernity. In this lecture, we will examine those ideologies that challenged liberalism from the left wing of the politician spectrum. In future lectures, we examine those that arose from the right. Undermining of the liberal consensus began among the liberal themselves, who in face of changing circumstances, retreated from some of their basic tenets or refused to address contradictions within their ideology. Historically, liberals had stood for the expansion of civil liberties, yet at the end of the century, several major groups were still denied rights even in the most liberal of states.