LINGUIST 2E03 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pragmatics, Stephen Levinson, Phatic Expression
15 Sep 2016
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Showing good manners towards others, as in behaviour, speech, etc. Polite implies consideration for others and the adherence to conventional social standards of good behaviour. We learn by example, we follow role models eg. parents. Civil suggests only the barest observance of accepted social usages; it often means merely neither polite nor ride: if you can"t be friendly, at least be civil: suggests bare minimum of accepted social standards, less than polite. It costs nothing to be polite winston s. churchill. Polite behaviour is just gestures and words, doesn"t cost you anything, but you can gain respect, more likely to get what you want. Costs us nothing but can buy us a lot. Penelope brown and stephen levinson politeness (1978) Face-work, principle of politeness & maxims of politeness (leech) A person"s negative face is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others.
