NURSING 2P03- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 36 pages long!)

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Shock: syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism, o2 supply does not meet o2 demand. Hypovolemic shock: caused by low blood flow, absolute hypovolemia results when fluid is lost through hemorrhage, gi loss. Neurogenic shock: hemodynamic phenomenon that occurs 30min of a spinal injury at t5 or above and lasts up to 6 weeks. Spinal shock, patient experiences loss of voluntary and reflex neurological activity. Anaphylactic shock: acute and life-threatening hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to a substance. Immediate reaction causes vasodilation, release of vasoactive mediators, increase in capillary permeability: fluid goes to interstitial space from increase vasc perm, airway swelling, breathing problems, and circulation problems. If not treated, respiratory or cardiac arrest may develop. In severe sepsis and septic shock, antigen initiates exaggerated immune response inflammation and coagulation are increased and fibrinolysis is decreased. Table 69-1 classification of shock and precipitating factors.