PNB 3XE3 Study Guide - Comprehensive Midterm Guide: Central Limit Theorem, Null Hypothesis, Type I And Type Ii Errors

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1-tailed test speci c interest in only one direction (not scienti cally relevant if r everse is true) 2-tailed test no prior (a priori) reason one direction should have stronger e ect ( used for most tests) Advantages of related samples: avoid issues with variability between subjects more likely to rej ect a false null hypothesis (more power, allow us to control for extraneous variables (confounding variabl es) Alpha the chance of a type i error (a. k. a. critical value) Assumptions of t-tests: scores come from normally distributed populations, variances underlying populations are the same, scores are independent from each other if independent test. Beta the chance of a type ii error. The e ect of previous trials on a subject"s performance in later tria ls. E. g. practice e ect, second drug administration may be on top of p revious drug e ects. Central limit theorem the sampling distribution (distribution of multiple sample means) will be normally distributed.

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