POLSCI 3Y03 Study Guide - Final Guide: Social Imperialism, International Humanitarian Law, War Economy
29 May 2018
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1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- General Assembly 1948, Int’l Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- New age of human rights: universal and effective recognition, common standard
- Civil, cultural, economic, political, social
2. Liberalism
- Political philosophy: rational abilities, role of individual, market economy, democracy, r/f
- Freedom and liberty as primary value – government exists to protect
o All individuals are equal, all protected equally by rule of law
- IR theory: role of democratic states, int’l institutions in int’l cooperation
3. Negation of negation
- Elements of opposition in everything: produce conflict and motion, often negate the thing
- Capitalist private property – first negation of individual priv property, based on labor
o Production gives rise to own negation – natural tendency to reproduce itself more
4. Negative rights
- Require govt/individuals to refrain from doing things
- Immediately implementable, liberty rights
- Rights are indivisible – need positive to protect the negative, govt intervention
- More sophisticated typologies – more/less activities to be met, obligation to not deprive
- Vienna Declaration – indivisible, interdependent, inter-related
5. Positive Rights
- Govt/individuals need to actively do something
- Require progressive realization, welfare rights
- 22-29 in UDHR – right to work, right to healthcare
6. Pluralist Theories of Democracy
- Schumpeter – literature of 50s and 60s, influence ‘new democracies'
- Pluralists accept, but change assumptions – democracy as govt of politicians
- State mediates between different demands, considering quality
o Therefore, no concentration of power on politicians
7. Polyarchy
- Dahl: introduction of democratic institutions in a pol system leading to plurality
participation
- ‘Rule by many’ as describing democratization, not democracy
- Set of normative criteria for deciding if a pol system is a democracy
8. Alienation
- Marx: result of living in a stratified state
- Basis is capitalist mode of production – worker loses ability to determine life
- From product, act of production, species-essence, other workers
9. Capitalism
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- Econ and political system – trade and industry controlled by private owners for profit
- At odds with democracy, communism
10. Liberal Democracy
- Political equality, but also little economic and social equality
- Reinforces capitalism, therefore poverty – has tendency to go up and down
- Lib dem and social dem reconciled with welfare state (capitalist state with socialism)
o Outcome resulted in 1948 UDHR
11. Welfare State
- Prevent a repeat of capitalism-caused Great Depression
o Welfare for citizens not to be generous but so society can protect itself
o State needed to intervene to save interests of capitalist class
- What made it possible?
o Solidarity, empathy for vets, state organizing war economy and society,
acceptance of tax, econ productivity post-war, rise in wages, IMF, curtail
communism
12. Minimalist Democracy
- Supported by Schumpeter – institutional arrangement for arriving at pol decision (voting)
o No social or economic aspects: accountability, responsiveness, representation
o No freedom, liberties, or human rights
- Doesn’t define democracy by policy outcomes, outcomes determined through
competition
- Let democracy to be accessible to countries abandoning dictatorship – simplest form
13. Conditional Definition
- Schumpeter’s procedural democracy – democracy as a method, not an end to itself
o Goes with minimalist definition, but lost to many who ignore conditions
o Democracy =/= elections
- Modern economy, professionalized politics, politics out of expert’s way, well-trained
bureaucracy w public duty, national character and tradition
14. Instrumental Democracy
- Schumpeter: democracy as a mechanism, institutional arrangement
o An instrument to elect individuals capable of making decisions
- Conditional definition – meaning only valid when conditions fulfilled
- Latin American elections – can’t just call them democracy
15. Substantive Democracy (functional democracy)
- Democracy that functions in interests of governed, represent the people
- No example of a completely substantial democracy objectively
- Opposite of a formal democracy – relevant forms, but not managed democratically
o USSR – democratic, but managed by bureaucratic eltie
16. Illiberal Democracy
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
General assembly 1948, int"l covenant on civil and political rights. New age of human rights: universal and effective recognition, common standard. Political philosophy: rational abilities, role of individual, market economy, democracy, r/f. Freedom and liberty as primary value government exists to protect: all individuals are equal, all protected equally by rule of law. Ir theory: role of democratic states, int"l institutions in int"l cooperation. Elements of opposition in everything: produce conflict and motion, often negate the thing. Capitalist private property first negation of individual priv property, based on labor: production gives rise to own negation natural tendency to reproduce itself more. Require govt/individuals to refrain from doing things. Rights are indivisible need positive to protect the negative, govt intervention. More sophisticated typologies more/less activities to be met, obligation to not deprive. 22-29 in udhr right to work, right to healthcare. Schumpeter literature of 50s and 60s, influence new democracies" Pluralists accept, but change assumptions democracy as govt of politicians.
