PSYCH 3M03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Locus Coeruleus, Adrenal Medulla, Limbic System
18 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Dopaminergic Pathway
Ventral tegmental area > MFB > Nucleus Accumbens, Cortex, Limbic System
Norepinephrine Pathway
Locus coeruleus > MFB > Cortex, Limbic System
Serotonin Pathway
Raphe Nuclei > MFB > Cortex, Limbic System
** all ascending from their specific location out to the limbic system
Aspartame
Diet can change the amount of amino acids needed for monoamine synthesis
and getting to the brain.
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Example of diet effecting the synthesis of monoamines.
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Conversion of Norepinephrine to Epinephrine
Occurs in the adrenal medulla.
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PNMT - molecule that changes norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal
medulla
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** chain ganglia ?
DeFries (1978)
Whether exploration behaviour has a genetic component.
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Standard mice
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Bred super explorative females with super explorative males, non-explorative
males with non-explorative females.
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Over generations, you see the non-explorative mice getting less explorative and
the explorative mice getting more explorative.
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Genetic component to exploration behaviour.
Looked at in opposition of fear/anxiety based behaviour (non-
explorative).
○
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Middle line -- if you take random mice (not selected for amount of exploration),
you just get a pretty average amount of exploration.
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Could essentially bottom out or have a ceiling effect.
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Aromatase Inhibitors
Don't worry about it ..
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Point is that we can manipulate different amounts of hormones based on the
amount of enzymes.
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Even after removing gonads, you can still have testosterone.
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Melatonin
Indoleamine
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Comes from pineal gland
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A lot to do with circadian rhythm
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Pineal gland secretes more melatonin in darkness.
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Effects on other systems - cycling of reproduction in mammals (especially those
that only breed in some seasons).
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To some degree will effect cortisol (stress) levels. Suppressing stress factors
from the adrenal cortex.
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Monoamine Synthesis
Cathecholamines
Tyrosine > L-Dopa > Dopamine > Norepinephrine > Epinephrine (converted by PNMT
in the adrenal medulla)
Indoleamines
Tryptophan > Serotonin > Melatonin
Other NT Synthesis
Choline (from diet) + Acetyl Co-A > acetylcholine (done by choline acetyltransferase)
Experiment
Individuals came into cafeteria or leaving cafeteria
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Asked them to rate how hungry they were at the time.
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Looking at relationship between hunger and sexual preference.
In Low SES areas, men wanted thicker women because she looks like she
has more nutrients.
○
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Coming in caf, hunger levels are high - they rated women with larger breasts as
being more attractive.
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Leaving caf, hunger levels are low - they rated women with smaller breasts as
being more attractive.
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Short term changes of hunger can influence sexual preferences.
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Glucose Receptors in Hepatic Portal Vein (which enters into liver)
Detects blood glucose levels
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If levels are high, typically means you have just eaten & food seeking behaviour
will be inhibited.
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If levels are low, stimulates drive for food seeking behaviour.
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Midterm 1 Review Session
Thursday, February 1, 2018
11:35 AM
Document Summary
Ventral tegmental area > mfb > nucleus accumbens, cortex, limbic system. Locus coeruleus > mfb > cortex, limbic system. Raphe nuclei > mfb > cortex, limbic system. ** all ascending from their specific location out to the limbic system. Diet can change the amount of amino acids needed for monoamine synthesis and getting to the brain. Example of diet effecting the synthesis of monoamines. Pnmt - molecule that changes norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla. Bred super explorative females with super explorative males, non-explorative males with non-explorative females. Over generations, you see the non-explorative mice getting less explorative and the explorative mice getting more explorative. Looked at in opposition of fear/anxiety based behaviour (non- explorative). Middle line -- if you take random mice (not selected for amount of exploration), you just get a pretty average amount of exploration. Could essentially bottom out or have a ceiling effect.
