SOCIOL 2Z03- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 71 pages long!)

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Introduction to research in the social sciences and introduction to designing a research study. Deductive and inductive approaches: deductive method, the most common approach to social research, using deduction, one begins with a theory or explanation for something, then goes out into the world and tests it, theory > hypotheses > data collection >findings >hypotheses. Confirmed or reject > revision of theory(back to hypotheses: the researcher does not necessarily follow the exact linear sequence, theory > observations/ findings. Ideas and perceptions are false/inaccurate; constructed to justify and rationalize some form of domination rather than to describe objective social reality. Basic concepts in social research: hypotheses, are :specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study" (rohall et al. , 2014:57, variables. Independent (lead to a change) and dependent variables (change as a result of the independent variable) Income can be dependent variable, assess can be independent variable.