SOCIOL 2S06 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Talcott Parsons, Path Dependence, Total Institution
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Choose and answer 2 of the following 4 questions: talcott parsons outlined 5 pattern variables and theorized that modern societies have a value orientation in the direction of each one. Name the dominant value-orientations in each pattern variable that modern societies emphasize, and define what each one means: universalistic vs particularistic, modern societies emphasize impersonal rules and general principles rather than personal relationships. Individuals are expected to follow their desires in choosing an occupation, a marriage partner, etc: e(cid:454)plai(cid:374) the (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:272)epts of depe(cid:374)de(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:455) a(cid:374)d u(cid:374)derde(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t usi(cid:374)g the ter(cid:373)s (cid:862)(cid:272)ore(cid:863) a(cid:374)d (cid:862)peripher(cid:455). (cid:863) The world system, divided between developed and underdeveloped economies promotes structural inequality, which promotes profit accumulation: this relationship creates a path dependency for underdeveloped nations. Criti(cid:272)al of the (cid:448)ie(cid:449) that u(cid:374)derde(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t is due to (cid:862)do(cid:373)esti(cid:272) problems of capital scarcity, feudal and traditional institutions which impede saving and investment, concentration of political power in the hands of rural oligarchies.