SUST 100 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Ecosystem Services, Thermodynamics, Falsifiability

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crimsongrasshopper606

17 May 2017

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Sustainability: the (cid:272)apa(cid:272)it(cid:455) of the earth"s (cid:374)atural s(cid:455)ste(cid:373)s, i(cid:374)(cid:272)ludi(cid:374)g the e(cid:374)(cid:448)iro(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t, to survive and flourish and to change when necessary to last as long as we can. Three pillars of sustainability: economy, society, and environment. Three social science principles of sustainability: economics, politics, and ethics. Three scientific principles of sustainability: solar energy, chemical cycling, and biodiversity. Science is: testable, falsifiable, and if conclusions are tentative. Law of conservation of matter: when matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, no atoms are created or destroyed. First law of thermodynamics: whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed. Second law of thermodynamics: whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, we end up with lower-quality or less usable energy than we started with. Natural capital: one of the major components of sustainability, which includes natural resources and natural services.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

A scientific hypothesis must be testable.

True

False

QUESTION 2

A(n) ____________________ is a set of components that functionand interact in some regular way.

QUESTION 3

Which of the following is true of matter?

	a.	It can exist as two physical states.
	b.	It can exist as four chemical forms.
	c.	It can exist as three physical states.
	d.	It can exist as a physical state or as a chemical form.
	e.	It can exist as three chemical forms.

QUESTION 4

Which of the following is the best definition of science?

	a.	Data supported by small amounts of evidence
	b.	A field that is never investigated using statistical tools andmodels
	c.	Study that is best described as a collection of opinions
	d.	A broad field of study focused on discovering how natureworks
	e.	A field in which observations are rarely tested

QUESTION 5

The second law of thermodynamics says that whenever energy isconverted from one form to another in a physical or chemicalchange, ____.

	a.	the second form of energy will always be kinetic
	b.	we end up with lower-quality or less useable energy than westarted with
	c.	more energy will be present in the second form
	d.	light is produced
	e.	heat is absorbed

QUESTION 6

The majority of Americans using food banks are over the age of65.

True

False

QUESTION 7

A climax community reaches a peak phase of growth and then, aspart of its cycle, dies.

True

False

QUESTION 8

Tropical rainforests occupy lmore than 15% of the global landarea.

True

False

QUESTION 9

The following macronutrient does not occur as a gas:

		Oxygen
		Nitrogen
		Phosphorous
		Carbon
		Hydrogen

QUESTION 10

The "tragedy of the common" refers to the decimation of trees inthe Boston Common.

True

False

goldtoad874

Science Tutor: Chemistry Name: Mixtures, Solutions, &Compounds: Chemical Equations Date Chemical Equations If a chemical symbol can be thought of as a letter and a chemical formula as a word in the language of chemistry, then a chemical equation is a statement or sentence. A chemical equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction between two or more substances. A "+ sign means "combines with." An arrow points away from the reactants and toward the products (See page 10), and an arrow means "yields." 2Na + Cl2 â 2NaCl means sodium combines with chlorine to yield sodiumn chloride (salt) Look closely at the equation above. Notice the "2" in front of NaCI on the right and Na on the left. That 2, called a coefficient, is necessary to make this equation balance. Remember Antoine Lavoisier? (Page 15) Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The same number of each kind of atom must be on both sides of a chemical equation. Because chlorine only exists as a molecule consisting of two chlorine atoms, it requires two atoms of sodium to yield two molecules of salt (NaCI). This illustrates another important law stated clearly by the French chemist Joseph-Louis Proust in 1799. Chemical compounds always combine in certain specific fixed proportions. Wherever sodium and chlorine combine, two atoms of sodium will be necessary to react with one molecule of gaseous chlorine. 1 . For the equation 2Mg + O2â 2MgO + energy: A. List the reactant or reactants 2Hato B. List the product or products C. How many atoms of magnesium does it take to combine with one molecule of oxygen? D. How many molecules of magnesium oxide are produced in this reaction? 2. Hydrogen can combine with oxygen to produce water. We could write the equation like this: H2 + O2 â H2O. But this equation is unbalanced! Rewrite this equation with the correct coefficients so that an atom of oxygen doesn't disappear! (Be careful. If you add a coefficient to one side you may have to adjust the other. Count all the atoms.) 3. Now that you have the idea, balance the following equations: A, Pho, â PbO + 02 C. Ca + H2O â Ca(OH)2 + H2 How is following a recipe to mix up a batch of biscuits (or any other food item) similar to Proust's law for chemical reactions? 4. OMark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers 17

1. Describe the toxic effects of mercury and its compounds and explain how we are exposed to these toxins. (3 points)

Climate Disruption/Atmospheric Warming â Please answer each question separately in this series of short essays, using your own words. (6 points total) Iâve assigned the number of points required to minimally answer each one, but extra credit may be earned for demonstrating a thorough understanding.

2. Describe a) the Earthâs natural greenhouse effect and the atmospheric gases involved and b) the enhanced greenhouse effect and its consequences. (1 point)

3. In what ways do oceans help moderate climate change? Describe the harmful positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1 point)

4. Thoroughly describe the effects of melting land ice and snow - such as glaciers in Greenland and the Himalayas - on the environment and on people. Describe the positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1.5 points)

5. Describe why melting sea ice does not contribute significantly to sea level rise. (A knowledge of basic physics or chemistry will help.) (0.5 point)

6. So, what ARE the major harmful effects caused by melting sea ice? (1 point)

7. Describe the role of melting permafrost in climate disruption, and the positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1 point)

Risk
8. What are the three major risks you face from each of the following a) your lifestyle, b) where you live, and c) what you do for a living? Which of these is voluntary and which are involuntary? What steps can you take to reduce these risks? (3 points)

Green taxes, tax shifting
9. Summarize how we can discourage pollution and resource waste by taxing it. Why is the United States Congress slow to enact green taxes? (3 points)

Individuals (in Business) Matter
10. Briefly describe Mike Biddleâs contribution to plastics recycling (1 point)

11. Briefly describe three principles of sustainability specifically adopted by Ray Andersonâs carpet company, Interface. (1 point)

Environmental Law
12. Summarize the political controversy over managing the four major types of US public lands. (3 points) For a little extra credit, you may also cite recent news about legislation to open more public land to drilling, mining, logging, etc.

Comprehensive Final Essay: Perverse Subsidies
The negative effects of perverse government subsidies and how they directly compound other problems have been mentioned throughout the textbook and in Myersâ guest essay âPerverse Subsidiesâ. In order to answer the questions below, youâll be gathering your information from various chapters. If you remember sufficient detail without having to look things up, you must say so (âfrom memoryâ). Otherwise, please cite all pages consulted.

NOTE: I am NOT asking for a recap of all the environmental and social problems associated with agriculture, fisheries, mining, etc. (That would be a very long discussion!) Each chapter section describes information specific to subsidies for each industry. Please summarize in your own words. (Total 5 points) Once again, Iâve assigned the number of points required to minimally answer each topic, but extra credit may be earned. This is your chance to pull ahead with your insight into subsidies!

13. Agricultural subsidies
Describe how U.S. government perverse subsidies for industrial agriculture (in general) have negatively affected the environment and society in the U.S. and in other countries. (2 points)

14. Continue to describe the perverse subsidies for each of the following industries, and some of the harmful consequences due to current subsidies: (3 points)

*Fisheries

*Mining

*Oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power (nonrenewable energy resources)

SUST 100 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Ecosystem Services, Thermodynamics, Falsifiability

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