[ANAT 216] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (142 pages long)

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Anatomy and Cell Biology
• Course: ANAT 216
• Professor: Leslie W Mac Kenzie

Document Summary

Digestive system: lecture 2 (reading material: chapter 22: page 587; chapter 24: pages 633-634; chapter 25: pages. Stratified squamous epithelium oropharynx piriform fossa (recess) laryngopharynx: (behind larynx) pharyngeal constrictor muscles: superior, middle, inferior. Propel bolus from pharynx to esophagus pull the walls of the pharynx inward during swallowing. Swallowing mechanism: phases: buccal phase (voluntary): food pushed from oral cavity to oropharynx by tongue. The palatal muscle raise the pharynx therefore isolating the nasopharynx. pharyngeal phase (involuntary): elevation of soft palate (closes off nasopharynx) elevation of larynx against epiglottis. Folding of the epiglottis over the glottis which directs food into the esophagus. constriction of pharynx esophageal phase (involuntary): food moved by peristaltic waves. Upper esophageal sphincter = sphincter b/w esophagus and pharynx that prevents reflux. Doesn"t exist in specimens but is evident in burping (can also function as a vocal chord). Lower esophageal sphincter is weaker and between the stomach and the esophagus.