BIOL 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Macroevolution, Microevolution, Allele Frequency

50 views2 pages

tanraccoon581

25 Nov 2015

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Biological evolution: the change in the genetic makeup of a population. Macroevolution: large evolutionary changes like extinction or origin of a new species. Microevolution: changes in allele frequencies (reason why dna fingerprint databases are necessary) Speciation: heritable variation creates a range of phenotypes, which may be subject to selection and random sorting events, if these result in a change in phenotype and subsequent reproductive isolation, a new species can be formed. Species: groups of organisms that resemble one another in appearance, behaviour, chemical processes, and genetic structure. Natural selection: survival and reproduction of organisms whose genetic traits better adapt them to a particular environment (selective advantage) Trait must be heritable (caused by genetics) and provide greater fitness. Fit: measured by the number of offspring, genetic contribution to the next generation"s gene pool, Rob is more fit then his students because he has children and grandchildren, but his students are more physically fit.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is true about the theory of evolution?

The focus of the theory of evolution is to explain the origins of life.

According to the theory of evolution, life evolved entirely randomly.

The focus of the theory of evolution is to explain how life diversified from the first living cells.

According the theory of evolution, only the strongest and toughest can survive.

Which of the following best explains our current understanding of microevolution?

Neither microevolution nor macroevolution can be observed within a human lifespan?

Microevolution is the gradual change of the genetic makeup (allele frequency) of a population over time.

Microevolution and macroevolution occur by very different mechanisms

Microevolution is the evolution of small organisms; macroevolution is the evolution of large organisms.

The Irish elk is a giant species of deer that went extinct about 5,000 B.C. They are well-known for their extremely large antlers (12 feet wide) in males. The antlers likely played some role in protection against predators, but another possible cause for their large size could be

blending genetics

sexual selection

spontaneous generation

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Cross River gorilla is listed as critically endangered species. With only 35 of these gorillas in the world, they are at risk of extinction largely due to poaching and loss to diseases such as Ebola. Genetic studies of the remaining gorillas show very little variability, because several alleles were likely lost due to ______.

		genetic drift
		gene flow
		increased rate of spontaneous mutations
		adaptive radiation

Evolution is change over ____________. Why is evolution an important concept in biology?

What is a population? How can you identify a population in nature?

What is the ultimate source of random variation in a population? Is this the only source of variation, why or why not?

What is a gene pool? Why is it important to our study of evolution?

How is variation inherited in a population? HINT: There are at least two main contributors to this variation. You should be focusing on gametes!

What is microevolution versus macroevolution?

How do the peppered moths show us microevolution in nature? Why is this NOT macroevolution? HINT: you should consider alleles and mating in your answer.

Do you believe that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is common in nature? Why or why not? In your answer, you should incorporate your knowledge of populations, evolution, and genetics.

Evolution is driven by adaptation and natural selection. In populations, we refer to organisms that are âmost fit.â Explain how evolution and the environment would result in organisms that are âmost fit.â In your answer, indicate whether the âmost fitâ organism today is likely to be the âmost fitâ organism in the future and why.

Microevolution is a change in the frequency of ___________________ in a population but has not resulted in a speciation event thus far. Given this, what factors could lead to a speciation event for this population?

How would you know that a population had divided into two different species (macroevolution)? How could you test for a speciation event experimentally?

Evolution and Speciation

Define evolution. Why is it inaccurate for creationists to tout evolution as âjust a theoryâ? (Think about what theory actually means in scientific terms vs. the use of the word âtheoryâ in casual conversations).

Explain what the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows and describe the conditions necessary for the equilibrium to be maintained.

Explain what factors cause populations to diverge from the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and how each factor causes the change.

Describe how species evolve via natural selection. (Be sure to discuss the key aspects of natural selection: variation, heredity differential survival and reproductive success in your answer).

What does speciation mean and how can it occur?

What does adaptation mean? Why is natural selection the only agent of evolutionary change that leads to adaptation? (Think about how natural selection works).

Is natural selection all powerful? Can it create any variation that you or I could think of? Why or why not?

Differentiate between natural and sexual selection.

What is reproductive isolation?

Describe prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation and explain how they can contribute to speciation.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how each leads to new species.

What is adaptive radiation?

Be able to read and interpret phylogenetic trees: be able to determine which species are most closely related to each other, what nodes represent, where common ancestors would be located, etc.

What are paraphyletic, polyphyletic and monophyletic groups within a phylogeny?

viridianmanatee515

BIOL 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Macroevolution, Microevolution, Allele Frequency

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 110 Lecture Notes - Speciation, Allele Frequency, Meiosis

BIOL 110 Lecture Notes - Population Bottleneck, Zygosity, Genotype Frequency

BIOL 110 Lecture Notes - Memory T Cell, Dendritic Cell, Macrophage

Related Questions