BLG 143 Study Guide - Final Guide: Phosphodiester Bond, Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology, Intron
27 Apr 2018
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Chapter 16 – Transcription, RNA Processing and Translation
➢ After RNA polymerase binds DNA with the help of other proteins, it catalyzes the
production of an RNA molecule whose base sequence is complementary to the base
sequence of the DNA template strand
➢ Eukaryotic genes contain regions called exons and introns
➢ During RNA processing, the regions coded by introns are removed and the ends of
the RNA receive a cap and tail
➢ Ribosomes translate mRNAs into proteins with the help of intermediary molecules
called transferred tRNAs
➢ Each transfer RNA carries an amino acid corresponding to the tRNAs 3 base long
anticodon
➢ In the ribosome, the tRNA anticodon binds to the 3 base long mRNA codon, causing
the amino acid carried by the tRNA to be added to the growing protein
Proteins are the stuff of life.
➢ Shape cells
➢ Control chemical reactions inside cells
➢ Regulate materials into, through and out of cells
➢ 100000 estimated different proteins in cells
A cell builds the proteins needed form instructions encoded in its DNA, according to the
central dogma of molecule biology DNA to mRNA to protein.
16.1 Overview of Transcription
1. Synthesize mRNA version of the instructions archived in DNA
2. Enzymes called RNA polymerase are responsible for synthesizing mRNA
3. NTP that matches a base on the DNA template
4. RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3’
end of the growing mRNA chain and the new ribonucleotide
5. While the 5’ to 3’ matching and catalysis continues, an RNA complementary to the
gene is synthesized
▪ Only 1 of the 2 DNA strands is used as a template and transcribed/read by
RNA polymerase template strand
▪ Nontemplate/coding strand other strand; its sequence matches the
sequence of RNA that’s transcribed from the template strand and codes for a
polypeptide
The coding strand and RNA don’t match exactly. RNA has U instead of T found in the coding
strand. For the same reason, A in DNA template strand specifies a U in the complementary
RNA strand.
Characteristics of RNA Polymerase
RNA polymerase performs a template-directed synthesis in the 5’ 3’ direction.
It doesn’t require a primer to begin transcription.
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Document Summary
Chapter 16 transcription, rna processing and translation. After rna polymerase binds dna with the help of other proteins, it catalyzes the production of an rna molecule whose base sequence is complementary to the base sequence of the dna template strand. Eukaryotic genes contain regions called exons and introns. During rna processing, the regions coded by introns are removed and the ends of the rna receive a cap and tail. Ribosomes translate mrnas into proteins with the help of intermediary molecules called transferred trnas. Each transfer rna carries an amino acid corresponding to the trnas 3 base long anticodon. In the ribosome, the trna anticodon binds to the 3 base long mrna codon, causing the amino acid carried by the trna to be added to the growing protein. Regulate materials into, through and out of cells. A cell builds the proteins needed form instructions encoded in its dna, according to the central dogma of molecule biology dna to mrna to protein.
