CHY 204 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Pelagibacterales, Armillaria, Signal Transduction

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHY 204
• Professor: Mario Estable

Document Summary

1. 1 cellular foundations: basic unit is the cell (fundamental unit of life) Biomolecules are formed from elements: c, h, n, o (biomolecules) Source of energy is either organic or inorganic. Organic: in the form of food molecules or sunlight. Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for almost all cells. Cells have the capacity for replication and self assembly, have a mechanism for sensing and responding, components are inter-regulated. Life has mechanisms for sensing and responding: bio signaling; ligands, receptors, signal transduction cascades ex: vision, taste, smell, neurons. Ligands: binds to receptors; produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding results in a change of conformation of the target protein. Signal transduction: cell has receptor, molecule interacts, clumps together reacting with enzymes, creating enzymatic activity which phosphorylates a protein. Phosphorylated proteins go into the nucleus. (kinase is an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein)