Art History Cue Cards

1490-1530 Culturally & Creative high point in Italy Pope Julius II big impact High Renaissance in Italy Florence- artistic center Define. Rome: Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo Date. Venice: Giorgione, Titan Venice: Port city, politically stable, gov. controlling. Gothic & Byzan influence Vitruvian Man, 1485-1490 Last Supper 1495-1498 Madonna & Child w. St. Anne 1503-06 Leonardo da Vinci Embryo in the Womb 1510 work initially in Florence, then to Rome, then Milan interested in science as art, in renaissance obsessed with origins of life, natural phenomenon Tempitetto 1502-1503 New St. Peter’s Vatican 1506-1564 (w/ Michelangelo) Donato Bramante Pieta 1498-1500 David 1501 1504 Sistine Chapel 1508-1512 Michaelangelo -Creation of Adam 1510 - Last Judgment (end of Ren.)1534-41 -was an architect, painter, writer, sculpting was primary art form -initially patronized by Meddici family nd - Florence first, then in Rome for pope Julius the 2 Baptism of Christ 1470 Andrea Verrochio Madonna of the meadow 1505 Raphael School of Athens 1509- 1511 Pope Julius II 1511-1512 Galatea 1512 -had very short but prolific life and career, -idealized classical -primarily a painter Gentile : visited Florence, influence in early renaissance, style similar to father, but then his own style developed, more detailed Progression of the Reliquary of the cross in Piazza San Gentile & Giovanni Bellini Marco 1496 Giovanni: long, active career, most successful at bringing high renaissance to Venice San Giobbe Altarpiece 1480s Saint Francis in Ecstasy 1485 .Tempist 1505-1510 th Old Woman early 16 cent Sleeping Venus 1509 Giorgione - lived to only about 32-33 -distinct blending of earlier, more decorative styles -very few known works, most missing, -master at personalizing portraits - Sleeping Venus- finished by Titan Venus of Urbino 1538 - she is looking at you with a flirtatious intent, idea of seduction and sexuality -observing us as we observe her Titan Rape of Europa 1559-1562 -interest in mythological scenes -Michelangelo and titian both go towards mannerism -sexual exploitation was not seen in the same way 1520-1590 - doing things in a certain manner - interpretation/deviation from natural world Mannerism & the Later 16 cent. Italy - opposed to idealizing - rejects classical proportions & principles - complex/compressed space - dynamic layouts, jarring colours - elite patrons Entombment 1525-1528 Jacopo da Pontormo - Energetic, wrong proportions, pastel colours Self- Portrait in a Convex Mirror 1524 Madonna and Child with Angels 1534 (Madonna of the long neck) - moved beyond naturalistic paintings Parmigianino - Artist was a protegy he painted this when he was 21, created it for Pope Clement the 7 , interested in illusionism - a bit of a freak, didn’t know how to deal with people Cupid, Venus, Folly & Time 1545 Eleonora of Toledo & her son Don Giovanni 1545-1546 Agnolo Bronzino - Court painter to the wealthy and elite - Textiles very important- showed wealth - Putto/putti - Very open about sex Last Supper/ Christ I the House of Levi 1573 Council of Trent made him change the name of the Paolo Veronese painting because it was it was too realistic- humanism, eating and drinking, too much fun- partying Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife, 1520 - Complex but small sculptures at the time made Properzia de’ Rossi from fruit pits. And larger works later in life - Marble busts portraits - She was noteworthy.. Had a big impact because there wasn’t many female artists at the time The Artist’s Sister Minerva, 1559 - Another female artist, long career - She was a court painter… came from a family of artists- common. Sofonisba Anguissola - Wasn’t trained in nude and historical paintings - She mainly did portraits and smaller works - One of the first artists that did portraits related to family Palazzo del Tè, 1525-35 - Sala dei Giganti ceiling 1530-1532 - Fall of the Giants 1530-1532 Giulio Romano Party House, classical influences, but is humorous Mannerist manipulation with space, illusionistic Last Supper, 1592-94 - After Council of Trent, the artists responded - They looked at religious matters in a new way- Jacopo Tintoretto erotic etc… - Humanist interest in sociology and observation has given way to the artful manipulation on religion and figures as well as mythology Christ Healing the Blind, 1577 Burial of the Count of Orgaz 1586-88 - Spain was conservative, very religious and El Greco catholic… you can see this in their culture - Backdrop of the classical world was common, by the time of the end of the renaissance.. It is just a backdrop has no symbolic meaning - Greek and byzantine influences - Most imp. painters from Germany & Netherlands - Most traveled to Italy- influenced by humanism - International Gothic Style- huge influence 16 Century Painting and - Chiaroscuro not as evident Printmaking in Northern Europe - Influenced by protestant reformation & humanism - Catholic church protested both Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, late 15th- early 16th century - Religious and social satire of the north - Focused on sin, on sensual- anything with the Hieronymous Bosch body Garden of Earthly Delights, 1510-1515 - Secular commission- non religious commission - Conscious/ unconsciousness filled with dream images, unconscious desires, impulses coming from and external forces Landscape with the Fall of Icarus 1554-55 - Influenced by themes of humanism, but with no classical references… more so the importance of Pieter Bruegel the Elder man and nature Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559 - his responsibility to warn other about human folly Self-Portrait 1498 - Modern artist. Egotistical.. Desire for status… signature was very prominent - He traveled to Italy, but blended them with linear and clarity… gothic details Albrecht Dürer Self-Portrait 1500 - Jesus look alike Melencolia I 1514 - printmaking popular in Europe - reflective of Aristotle – black vile melancholy Crucifixion with Saint Sebastian and Saint Anthony and Lamentation (the Isenheim Altarpiece, closed) 1510-1515 - Polyptych for Hospital chapel - Specialized in skin diseases Matthias Grünewald Annunciation, Virgin and Child with Angels, and Resurrection (the Isenheim Altarpiece, open) 1510-1515 - Christ is often seen as the sun - Theme of death but more inspirational and uplifting Judgement of Paris 1530 - Painted mainly landscapes turned into mythological themes - Wearing fashionable hats and jewelry… places them in the current context Lucas Cranach the Elder Martin Luther 1533 - Best known for his portraits - Emphasis on the man. In particular his face - He started the reformation Henry VIII 1540 - High ranking royal figure - Artist was one of the last to combine linear with Hans Holbein the Younger detailed surfaces 17 Century. - Scientific enquiry lead to new naturalism within the arts Baroque Style in Western Europe - Mannerism rejects - Theatrical and dramatic (chiaroscuro & rich colours) - Secular commissions - Ren.- Italy center or art world, Baroque- France is now center Charles I on Horseback 1638 - Consolidation of royal power- absolution - Protestant and catholic church was a well Anthony van Dyck established gap.. Causing regional and military conflicts Changes in intellectual context - John Locke and Thomas Hobbs… created texts about peoples rights - Birth of the enlightenment… intellectual and philosophical development 17th Century illustration of a heliocentric system - Major discoveries being made in the science fields - Resulting in questioning the authority of tradition knowledge - direct experience, observation, everything happens because of a natural phenomenon. Led to Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, 1665- 1667 - Son of architect.. Francesco Borromini - Church he built was innovative and daring unlike anything seen before - Convex and concave protrusions - Sense of movement.. But still reminder of classical era - 1680 - More emphasis on straight lines, more monumental, and a lot of flourish and surface details - Specific to France Palace of Versailles - Hall of Mirrors- Every surface is incrusted - 1667 Louis 14 moves entire court to Versailles - 20 thousand would be able to live here - Charles Lebrun oversaw artistic developments - Away from population- had no clue what they were dealing with Saint Paul’s Cathedral, 1675-1710 - Influences from other countries - Most of London made from timber.. Big fire destroyed over 2/3s of the city.. It had to be rebuilt.. Most dates from the 17 century Christopher Wren forward - 1670-1700 helped rebuild churches - Blending of Italian and French baroque Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 1645-1652 - Sculpture nesseled into a nook, drama of scene and presence of onlookers - Peirced in the heart by an angel, orrific but Gianlorenzo Bernini transforted her to antoher place - Cornaro family, funerary chapel - Blends with baroque love of drama and high contrast Boy with a Basket of Fruit 1594 - Born in small italian town, studied in milan, moved to rome - Violent temper, often in trouble with authorities Caravaggio - Painted right on the canvas. Against master class Calling of Saint Matthew 1599-1600 - sharply contrasting areas - Had an early death Judith Slaying Holofernes 1614-1620 - Well known woman artist - Born in rome, father was a painter, influenced by carabragio Artemisia Gentileschi - Overcame many obstacles Susanna and the Elders 1610 - Gender inequity Venus and Adonis, 1635 - High ranked artist with different styles - Rubanesque- enjoyed painting voluminous figures, prosperity with fleshliness Peter Paul Rubens - Rise in small scale secular paintings - Middle class could buy for the first time Night Watch, 1642 - Dutch capitalism - He painted whatever was selling at the time Rembrandt - Attracted by the emphasis of light and