GEO 802 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Canada, Agriculture, Thailand
12 Oct 2018
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GEO 802
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
LECTURE 1 DEFINITIONS OF TOURISM; TOURIST, HOST AND MOTIVATIONS
Importance of Tourism
Tourism may be defined as the sum of processes, activities and outcomes arising
from the relationships and interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host
governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in
attracting, transporting, housing and management of tourists and other visitors
Goeldner and Ritchie, 006
1. Tourism directly and indirectly accounted for 6.0 trillion (10 percent) of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2008 (WTTC, 2008).
2. In 2007, global tourism industry employed 231 million people.
3. There were more than 900 million international tourist trips in 2007 and 1
billion international tourist arrivals in 2012 (UNWTO, 2008).
Tourism
Demand-side definition
• Activities of persons travelling to stay outside their usual environment for
not more than 12months
Supply-side definition
• Fragmented and diverse products and services that spread across different
industries
Leisure
A period of time or a state of mind in which choice is exercised
-Some people say that it is having a free time, holidays, anything opposite of work
-Use tourism and leisure intersectional
Leisure: objective and subject views
1. Objective leisure
o Perceived as the opposite of work
o )t is a period of time where you don’t have deadlines
o Defined as non-work or residual time
2. Subjective leisure
o Leisure takes on meaning within the context of individual judgement/
perception
o Emphasises leisure as a qualitative concept in which leisure activities
take on a meaning only within the context of individual perceptions
and belief systems and can therefore occur at any time in any setting
Stabbin (2000) made a distinction between serious leisure and casual leisure
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
A. Serious Leisure:
o Refers to the breakdown between leisure and work pursuits and the
development of leisure career paths with respect to their hobbies and
interests
o An improvement over work as a way of finding personal fulfillment,
identity enhancement, self-expression, and the like, then people must
careful to adopt those forms with the greatest payoff. The theme here
is that we reach this goal through engaging in serious rather than
causal and unserious leisure.
o Self-actualization – engagement, self-fulfillment; we have people
whose self esteem is high after a travel
Ex) going on a cruise
B. Causal Leisure
o Immediately, intrinsically rewarding, relatively short-lived,
pleasurable core activity, requiring little or no special training to
enjoy it. It is fundamentally hedonic, pursued for its significant level of
pure enjoyment, or pleasure.
Recreation
• Recreational activities can be defined as behavioural system;
1. Biological system: The major biological self of behavior includes instincts;
attachment or aggression etc.
2. Social systems: Incorporation of societal goals and cultural values
o Customer practices: transmitted from 1 generation to another
o Written down laws (there are rules in everyday life)
Ex) hockey rules
. Psychological systems: A person’s motives, beliefs emotions and attitudes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
