GEO 106 Final: Final Exam Notes.docx

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orangesheep281

23 Feb 2012

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Contextual environment- those processes and conditions in the outside world, which can influence our organisation, but which we cannot influence significantly. Greatly influenced by ones lifelevel, life cycle, age, lifestyle, gender and ethnicity. Match those of others in ones immediate environment. Phenomenal environment- the natural and cultural environment which lies beyond us; the real world as opposed to our perceived world. Personal space- the area around individuals which they reserve for themselves. It s about proper speaking distance from a friend. Home territory- the area in which an animal normally ranges. Activity space- the space we live in from day to day; that part of action space with which an individual interacts on a daily basis. Mental maps- a person s perception of the world. An individual s own internal map of their known world. Mental maps will be different from person to person based on the social economic status that a person may live in.

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This is from fundamentals of physics 8th edition halliday; Resnick.Chapter 18, problem 62. It has been answered, but i believe theyare absolutely wrong. The problem reads.

To withstand the harsh weather of the Antarctic, emperor penguinshuddle in groups. Assume that a penguin is a circular cylinder witha top surface area a=0.34m2 and height h = 1.1m. Let Pr be the rateat which an individual penguin radiates energy to the environment(through the top and the sides); thus NPr is the rate at which Nidentical, well-separated penguins radiate. If the penguins huddleclosely to form a huddled cylinder with top surface area Na andheight h, the cylinder radiates at the rate Ph. If N=1000, (a) whatis the value of the fraction Ph /NPr and (b) by what percentagedoes huddling reduce the total radiation loss?

8. Say the person in #7 increases their exertion so that theirmetabolic rate rises to 500 Cal/m2hr. The conditions are the sameas described above with one exception: assume that the clothing isonly 0.1 cm thick. At this thickness, they are definitely losingheat to the environment. This heat loss is the only means they haveto cool themselves (humidity too high inside the clothes toevaporate sweat, ignore heat lost to breathing). At what rate willtheir temperature rise/fall? Use that the specific heat of thebody, on average is 8.3 X 10-4 Cal/g Â°C.

(#7 information - 7. Someone is walking outside when thetemperature of the air is -10Â°C. The metabolic rate of walking is140 Cal/m2hr, and the usual muscle efficiency (20%) applies. Theyare completely covered by clothing with a coefficient of thermalconductivity of 0.36 Cal-cm/m2 hr Â°C. Their total surface area is1.7 m2, and this area can be used as the area through which heat isbeing conducted away from the body. Their skin temperature is thesame as the inside surface of the clothing, 35Â°C. The temperatureof the outside of the clothing is -10Â°C. It is dark outside. Theirmass is 75 kg. Ignore heat lost to breathing.)

Dust in the interstellar medium follows the normal extinction lawR=A/E(B-V)=3.1; however, dust in the immediate locality of an HIIregion may not. The environment around the HII region Sh2-121 isparticularly dusty; Sh2-121 seems to be enveloped by a dust cloudof its own. Three stars are seen ionizing the nebula. The distanceto Sh2-121 is known independent of the stellar information below,at 4.2 kpc from the Sum.

a. What the the average total extinction A toward the start in theHII region?

b. The foreground reddening E(B-V) to the nebula can be estimatedfrom the total hydrogen column density in the ISM towards thenebula, which I have measured for you N(HI+H2)=7.2X10^21 cm^-2.Using the mean ratio of total neutral hydrogen to colour excess inBohlin, Savage & Drake (1978, The Astrophysical Journal, no.224, p. 132) what is the foreground reddening to Sh2-121?

Info.

Star 1, V(mag)=14.91, B-V(mag)=1.86, Sp Type & LC=B0II

Star 2, V(mag)=15.44, B-V(mag)=1.76, Sp Type & LC=O4V

Star 3, V(mag)=15.48, B-V(mag)=1.76, Sp Type & LC=B2II

GEO 106 Final: Final Exam Notes.docx

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